为研究单甘油月桂酸酯(glycerol monolaurate, GML)微乳液在延缓优势腐败菌引起的冷藏大黄鱼腐败变质的作用效果,该研究首先在体外考察了GML微乳液对单一/混合优势腐败菌(Shewanella baltica、Pseudomonas brenneri)的抑菌特性,并将优势腐败菌接种的大黄鱼块用GML微乳液处理,通过考察大黄鱼贮藏期间品质指标,以考察其体内抑菌效果。结果发现:GML微乳液对优势腐败菌的抑菌活性明显,胞外蛋白酶抑制率、抑菌圈直径增加,加剧细胞内蛋白质、核酸泄漏,造成细胞膜渗透性改变。同时,细胞壁结构也有一定的损伤,细胞表面褶皱收缩,细胞间出现黏连。高浓度GML微乳液对S.baltica的抑菌效果优于P.brenneri,其中1.5 mg/mL GML微乳液对混合菌悬液的抑菌效果会比单一的优势腐败菌(S.baltica、P.brenneri)更加明显。在体内接种实验中发现:1.5 mg/mL GML微乳液明显延缓优势腐败菌混合接种模式下的大黄鱼菌落总数增加、感官特性劣变、氨含量和氨基酸脱羧酶活性改变及肌原纤维蛋白降解,三氯乙酸-可溶性肽含量增加速率也会变缓。综上所述,1.5 mg/mL GML微乳液可用于延缓优势腐败菌导致的冷藏大黄鱼块腐败变质。
To investigate the effect of glycerol monolaurate (GML) microemulsion on delaying spoilage and deterioration caused by special spoilage organisms (SSOs) in refrigerated large yellow croaker, the inhibitory properties of GML microemulsion against single/mixed SSOs (Shewanella baltica,Pseudomonas brenneri) were firstly investigated in vitro.Large yellow croaker blocks inoculated with SSOs were treated with GML microemulsion to examine the in vivo bacteriostatic effect by examining the quality indicators during storage.The results found that the bacteriostatic activity of GML microemulsion on the SSOs was obvious.The inhibition rate of extracellular protease and the diameter of the inhibition circle increased, which exacerbated the leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids, causing changes in cell membrane permeability.At the same time, there was also some damage to the cell wall structure, with folds and constrictions on the cell surface and intercellular adhesions.The inhibitory effect of a high concentration of GML microemulsion on S.baltica was better than that of P.brenneri, in which the inhibitory effect of 1.5 mg/mL GML microemulsion on the mixed bacterial suspension would be more obvious than that in the presence of alone.Results of in vivo inoculation experiment showed that when large yellow croaker blocks were in mixed inoculation mode of SSOs, 1.5 mg/mL GML microemulsion significantly delayed the increase of total viable count, deterioration of sensory characteristics, alteration of ammonia content, and amino acid decarboxylase activity, and degradation of myofibrillar protein.The rate of increase of TCA-soluble peptide content was also slowed down.In conclusion, 1.5 mg/mL GML microemulsion could be used to retard spoilage deterioration of refrigerated large yellow croakers caused by SSOs.
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