蔓菁是高原地区的传统作物,富含多种活性成分且具有抗缺氧和抗疲劳等功效。该研究对雄性BALB/c小鼠进行2周的蔓菁干预及1周的低压低氧暴露,旨在探讨蔓菁对缺氧诱导脑损伤的保护作用及其潜在机制。采用苏木精-伊红染色和TUNEL染色评估脑组织病理损伤及细胞凋亡,试剂盒检测抗氧化酶及无氧酵解关键酶的活性,透射电镜观察海马CA1区线粒体超微结构,免疫组化分析HIF-1α、Occludin和ZO-1蛋白的表达,16S rRNA测序分析肠道菌群的变化。结果表明,蔓菁能减轻低压低氧条件下脑组织的病理损伤,抑制细胞凋亡,提高抗氧化酶及无氧酵解关键酶的活性,维持线粒体超微结构并上调HIF-1α的表达。此外,蔓菁还能维持肠道屏障功能并调节肠道菌群的组成和多样性,促进Lactobacillus、Alistipes、Candidatus_Saccharimonas和Anaeroplasm等有益菌的增殖。相关性分析表明,Candidatus_Saccharimonas、Enterorhabdus、Eubacterium_xylanophilum和Lactobacillus的相对丰度与脑保护指标呈显著正相关。综上所述,蔓菁可能通过抑制细胞凋亡、缓解氧化应激、调节能量代谢、维持线粒体功能、增强低氧适应能力和调节肠道菌群等途径发挥抗缺氧功效。
Brassica rapa L.is a traditional high-altitude crop rich in bioactive compounds with anti-hypoxia and anti-fatigue properties.This study aimed to explore its protective effects against hypoxia-induced brain injury in male BALB/c mice following two weeks of Brassica rapa L.intervention and one week of hypobaric hypoxia exposure.HE and TUNEL staining assessed brain tissue damage and cell apoptosis.Commercial assay kits measured antioxidant and glycolytic enzyme activities.Transmission electron microscopy examined mitochondrial ultrastructure in the hippocampal CA1 region.Immunohistochemistry analyzed the expression of HIF-1α, Occludin, and ZO-1 proteins.Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing characterized changes in gut microbiota.The results showed that Brassica rapa L.alleviated brain tissue damage, inhibited cell apoptosis, enhanced antioxidant and glycolytic enzyme activities, preserved mitochondrial ultrastructure, and upregulated HIF-1α expression under hypobaric hypoxia.It also maintained intestinal barrier function and modulated gut microbiota composition and diversity by promoting beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and Anaeroplasm.Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between the relative abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Enterorhabdus, Eubacterium_xylanophilum, and Lactobacillus and brain protection indicators.In conclusion, Brassica rapa L.may exert anti-hypoxia effects by inhibiting cell apoptosis, alleviating oxidative stress, regulating energy metabolism, preserving mitochondrial function, enhancing hypoxia adaptation, and modulating gut microbiota.
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