夏秋茶资源的高效利用是茶产业可持续发展的关键问题,而传统加工方式难以兼顾茶叶蛋白功能活性和营养特性。该研究旨在揭示高温高湿气流冲击漂烫(high-humidity hot air impingement blanching,HHAIB)处理对茶叶蛋白-多酚复合物(tea protein-polyphenol complexes,TPC)结构及功能特性的调控机制,并评价其作为姜黄素递送载体的应用潜力。采用不同漂烫处理时间(0~210 s)处理夏秋茶粉,通过FTIR、荧光光谱等技术表征TPC结构变化,并系统评价TPC-果胶复合物稳定的Pickering乳液性能。结果表明,150 s处理使TPC二级结构发生显著转变(α-螺旋向β-折叠转化),分子相互作用增强(荧光强度提升)。90 s处理抗氧化活性提高(DPPH和ABTS阳离子自由基清除率分别达32.07%和35.40%),所构建的乳液体系表现出优异的稳定性(包封率79.13%,热稳定性保留率>70%)和控释特性(肠阶段姜黄素保留率78.85%),最终生物可及性达67.78%,较对照组提高32.51%。该研究首次阐明了HHAIB处理通过调控蛋白质构象提升功能活性的分子机制,为开发基于茶叶蛋白的高效营养素递送系统提供了理论依据和技术支撑,对促进夏秋茶资源高值化利用具有重要意义。
The efficient utilization of summer and autumn tea resources is a key issue for the sustainable development of the tea industry, but the traditional processing methods are difficult to take into account the functional activity and nutritional characteristics of tea protein.The purpose of this study was to reveal the regulatory mechanism of high temperature and high humidity air flow percussion blanching (HHAIB) treatment on the structure and functional properties of tea protein-polyphenol complex (TPC), and to evaluate its application potential as a delivery carrier for curcumin.The summer and autumn tea powder was treated with different HHAIB treatment times (0-210 s), and the structural changes of TPC were characterized by FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy, and the stable Pickering emulsion properties of TPC-pectin complex were systematically evaluated.The results showed that the secondary structure of TPC was significantly transformed (α-helix to β-folding) and the molecular interaction was enhanced (fluorescence intensity increased) after 150 s treatment.The antioxidant activity of the 90 s treatment was increased (the free radical scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS cation were 32.07% and 35.40%, respectively), and the constructed emulsion system showed excellent stability (encapsulation rate of 79.13%, thermal stability retention rate of >70%) and controlled release characteristics (intestinal stage curcumin retention rate of 78.85%), and the final bioaccessibility reached 67.78%, which was 32.51% higher than that of the control group.This study clarified for the first time the molecular mechanism of HHAIB treatment to enhance functional activity by regulating protein conformation, which provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of a high-efficiency nutrient delivery system based on tea protein, and is of great significance for promoting the high-value utilization of summer and autumn tea resources.
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