酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease,ALD)的进程与脂肪酸组成密切相关,但油脂中饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acids,SFA)、不饱和脂肪酸(unsaturated fatty acids,UFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acids,MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA)的特定比例对其影响尚未明确。该文研究了沙棘果油(fruit oil,FO)、沙棘籽油(seed oil,SO)及两者以6∶4体积比混合得到的混合油(mixed oil,MO)中各种脂肪酸组成及比例,并以 0.6 g/kg bw 剂量干预ALD模型小鼠 6 周。结果显示,MO的UFA/SFA≈3、PUFA/MUFA≈1,PUFA中n-6/n-3≈2,比例较FO和SO更均衡。干预后,MO显著改善肝脏病理:肝脏指数(0.038)较模型组(0.046)降低 17.4%,接近空白组(0.039);肝脏丙二醛水平(1.16 nmol/g)较模型组(1.58 nmol/g)下降 26.6%,肿瘤坏死因子(tumor Necrosis factor-α,TNF-α) (92.51 pg/mL)较模型组(127.93 pg/mL)降低 27.7%,综合效果优于单一FO或SO。肠道菌群分析表明,ALD小鼠肠道菌群中丹毒丝菌科(Erysipelotrichaceae)丰度显著增加,MO可逆转这一变化,FO效果较差。研究证实,沙棘油中均衡的脂肪酸比例对ALD小鼠肝脏保护作用更具优势,其机制可能与调节肠道菌群相关。
The progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is closely associated with the composition of fatty acids.However, the effects of specific ratios of saturated fatty acids (SFA), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in oil on ALD remain unclear.This study investigated the composition and proportions of various fatty acids in sea buckthorn fruit oil (FO, rich in MUFA), seed oil (SO, rich in PUFA), and the mixed oil (MO) obtained by mixing the two in a volume ratio of 6∶4.Mice were administered oils at 0.6 g/kg body weight for 6 weeks.Results demonstrated that MO exhibited a more balanced fatty acid ratio (UFA/SFA≈3, PUFA/MUFA≈1, n-6/n-3≈2) compared to FO and SO.MO intervention significantly ameliorated liver pathology and the liver index (0.038) decreased by 17.4% compared to the model group (0.046), approaching that of the control group (0.039).Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (1.16 nmol/g) decreased by 26.6% and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels (92.51 pg/mL) decreased by 27.7% compared to the model group (1.58 nmol/g and 127.93 pg/mL, respectively).The overall protective effect of MO surpassed that of either FO or SO alone.Gut microbiota analysis revealed that ALD mice displayed a significant increase in Erysipelotrichaceae abundance, which was reversed by MO but not effectively altered by FO.This study confirmed that the balanced fatty acid composition in sea buckthorn oil provided enhanced hepatoprotection against ALD, potentially mediated through gut microbiota modulation.
[1] OSNA N A, RASINENI K, GANESAN M, et al. Pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease[J]. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 2022, 12(6):1492-1513.
[2] BATALLER R, ARAB J P, SHAH V H. Alcohol-associated hepatitis[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2022, 387(26):2436-2448.
[3] TANG Z Z, DING Y J, ZHANG W, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of alcohol-related liver disease in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMC Public Health, 2023, 23(1):1276.
[4] WU M Y, QIN S X, TAN C Q, et al. Estimated projection of incidence and mortality of alcohol-related liver disease in China from 2022 to 2040: A modeling study[J].BMC Medicine, 2023, 21(1):277.
[5] ZHONG W, LI Q, XIE G X, et al. Dietary fat sources differentially modulate intestinal barrier and hepatic inflammation in alcohol-induced liver injury in rats[J]. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2013, 305(12): G919-G932.
[6] ROBICHAUD P P, SURETTE M E. Polyunsaturated fatty acid-phospholipid remodeling and inflammation[J]. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity, 2015, 22(2):112-118.
[7] CALDER P C. Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 2015, 1851(4):469-484.
[8] ZHANG X X, WANG H, YIN P P, et al. Flaxseed oil ameliorates alcoholic liver disease via anti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota in mice[J]. Lipids in Health and Disease, 2017, 16(1):44.
[9] MIAO F J, SHAN C L, YANG W, et al. Protective effect of walnut oil on alcoholic liver disease in mice[J]. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2022, 54(3): 1001-1500.
[10] GUO R, ZHU J Y, CHEN L, et al. Dietary camellia seed oil attenuates liver injury in mice chronically exposed to alcohol[J]. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022, 9:1026740.
[11] GUO R, CHEN L, ZHU J Y, et al. Monounsaturated fatty acid-enriched olive oil exacerbates chronic alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury in C57BL/6J mice[J]. Food & Function, 2023, 14(3):1573-1583.
[12] FU Y J, MACKOWIAK B, LIN Y H, et al. Coordinated action of a gut-liver pathway drives alcohol detoxification and consumption[J]. Nature Metabolism, 2024, 6(7):1380-1396.
[13] 肖瑞, 郭建锋, 王琳琳, 等. 基于宏基因组学分析不同膳食结构非酒精性脂肪肝患者的肠道菌群特点[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2025, 51(4):123-130.
XIAO R, GUO J F, WANG L L, et al. Metagenomic analysis reveals dietary structure-dependent gut microbiota characteristics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2025, 51(4):123-130.
[14] BAJAJ J S. Alcohol, liver disease and the gut microbiota[J]. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2019, 16(4):235-246.
[15] BAJAJ J S, KAKIYAMA G, ZHAO D, et al. Continued alcohol misuse in human cirrhosis is associated with an impaired gut-liver axis[J]. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2017, 41(11):1857-1865.
[16] DUBINKINA V B, TYAKHT A V, ODINTSOVA V Y, et al. Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease[J]. Microbiome, 2017, 5(1):141.
[17] GAO Y. Inflammation and gut microbiota in the alcoholic liver disease[J]. Food & Medicine Homology, 2024, 1(2):9420020.
[18] MA Y, YAO J X, ZHOU L, et al. Comprehensive untargeted lipidomic analysis of sea buckthorn using UHPLC-HR-AM/MS/MS combined with principal component analysis[J]. Food Chemistry, 2024, 430:136964.
[19] HUANG P M, CHEN Z H, LI W Z, et al. Inquiry of modulatory role of sea buckthorn fruit oil on dyslipidemia and gut microbiota in hyperlipidemia mice[J]. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2025, 14(4):9250098.
[20] WANG Q, CAO B Y, ZHAN J W, et al. Sea buckthorn oil promotes the PI3K-Akt-ERK signaling pathway and macrophage M2 polarization to reduce radiation-induced skin injury[J]. Radiation Research, 2024, 202(5):785-794.
[21] HAO W J, HE Z Y, ZHU H Y, et al. Sea buckthorn seed oil reduces blood cholesterol and modulates gut microbiota[J]. Food & Function, 2019, 10(9):5669-5681.
[22] 王芳, 张滨, 张鑫, 等. 沙棘混合油对小鼠慢性酒精肝损伤及肠道菌群的调节作用[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 45(2):39-49.
WANG F, ZHANG B, ZHANG X, et al. Regulatory effects of sea buckthorn mixed oil on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury and intestinal microbiota in mice[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 45(2):39-49.
[23] KAAKOUSH N O. Insights into the role of Erysipelotrichaceae in the human host[J]. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2015, 5:84.
