To investigate the influence of geographical factors on the quality of high-temperature Daqu, this study conducted a comparative analysis of cultivable microorganisms, bacterial community structure, and quality indicators of high-temperature Daqu from Luzhou and Jining regions using pure culture techniques, PacBio SMRT sequencing, and conventional physicochemical analysis.Pure culture analysis revealed that lactic acid bacteria were only isolated from high-temperature Daqu collected in Luzhou, while Bacillus cereus, B.acidicola, B.australimaris, and B.paralicheniformis were exclusively isolated from those collected in Jining.PacBio SMRT sequencing results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the bacterial community structure of high-temperature Daqu samples from the two regions.High-temperature Daqu samples from Luzhou were predominantly composed of Staphylococcus saprophyticus, S.gallinarum, and B.thermolactis, with average relative abundances of 12.25%, 11.55%, and 10.29%, respectively.In contrast, high-temperature Daqu samples from Jining were mainly dominated by Kroppenstedtia sanguinis, with an average relative abundance of 30.44%.Quality indicator test results indicated that Luzhou high-temperature Daqu samples had significantly higher Daqu skin hardness, Daqu core hardness, a* value, b* value, non-flowable water content, and ash content (P<0.05), while Jining high-temperature Daqu samples had significantly higher bound water content, fermentation power, and starch content (P<0.05).Correlation analysis results showed significant associations between dominant bacterial species and quality indicators in Daqu (P<0.05).By analyzing the differences in bacterial community structure, cultivable microorganisms, and quality indicators across different regions, this study provides important insights for improving the production quality of high-temperature Daqu and the quality of Baijiu.
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