高温大曲(high-temperature Daqu,HTD)是酱香型白酒酿造的关键发酵剂,品质主要取决于功能微生物群落与代谢活性。该研究从HTD中获得分离株佛罗里达红曲霉(Monascus floridanus)H26,以0.5%(质量分数)比例取代部分母曲强化HTD,并以传统HTD为对照。通过理化性质、酶活性质、非靶向挥发化合物和高通量扩增子测序等方法,系统研究了其强化对HTD属性的影响。结果表明,强化处理显著降低水分含量(P<0.05)、加速酸度回落并提高氨基酸态氮利用率,糖化力与酯化力分别提升了25%和30%;共检出114种挥发性化合物,强化曲的总挥发性物质(volatile compounds,VOCs)含量为对照的1.36倍,其中四甲基吡嗪、苯乙醇等关键风味物质含量显著提升。微生物群落分析结果显示,佛罗里达红曲霉强化降低α多样性,重塑群落演替方向,使共现网络规模缩小、负边占比增加,群落稳定性与鲁棒性下降。零模型分析表明,红曲霉引入异质性选择压力,削弱随机扩散作用,促使群落向确定性组装转变。该研究证实佛罗里达红曲霉强化可定向调控HTD微生态与代谢功能,为其品质提升提供了理论依据和技术参考。
High-temperature Daqu (HTD) is the starter for sauce flavor Baijiu fermentation, and its quality is governed by the functional microbiota and their metabolic activity.Using Monascus floridanus H26 isolated from high-temperature Daqu, this study replaced 0.5% of the Muqu with this strain to produce inoculated HTD, while the traditional HTD served as the control.Through the determination of physicochemical enzyme activity, non-targeted volatile metabolomics, and high-throughput amplicon sequencing, a systematic analysis was conducted on the effects of M.floridanus biofortification on the properties of HTD.M.floridanus biofortification significantly reduced moisture, accelerated acidity decline, and improved amino-acid nitrogen utilization;saccharifying activity and esterifying activity rose by 25% and 30%, respectively.A total of 114 volatile compounds (VOCs) were detected, and the levels of key aroma compounds such as tetramethyl pyrazine and phenylethyl alcohol were significantly higher in the biofortified HTD, with total VOCs reaching 1.36 times of the control value.Microbiologically, M.floridanus biofortification decreased α-diversity, redirected community succession, shrank the co-occurrence network, increased the proportion of negative edges, and lowered both stability and robustness.Null-model analysis indicated that the M.floridanus biofortification imposed heterogeneous selection, weakened stochastic dispersal, and drove the assembly toward determinism.In summary, M.floridanus biofortification can directionally modulate the microecology and metabolic functions of HTD, offering a practical reference for targeted quality control.
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