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核桃破壳取仁技术研究进展

  • 王大臣 ,
  • 王迎胜 ,
  • 周宏平
展开
  • (南京林业大学 机械电子工程学院,江苏 南京,210037)
第一作者:博士,讲师(周宏平教授为通信作者,E-mail:hpzhou@njfu.edu.cn)

收稿日期: 2025-09-25

  修回日期: 2025-11-20

  网络出版日期: 2026-07-31

基金资助

云南省重点研发计划项目(202503AS090002);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20240682);江苏省普通高校自然科学研究计划项目(24KJB210014)

Research advances in walnut shell-breaking and kernel extraction technologies

  • WANG Dachen ,
  • WANG Yingsheng ,
  • ZHOU Hongping
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  • (College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

Received date: 2025-09-25

  Revised date: 2025-11-20

  Online published: 2026-07-31

摘要

核桃产业在带动我国山区经济发展、促进农民增收致富方面具有重要作用。破壳取仁作为核桃精深加工的关键预处理环节,其技术水平直接决定了核桃仁的成品率与经济附加值。该文系统综述了核桃破壳取仁技术的研究进展。首先概述了核桃的物料特性与破壳效果之间的内在联系。进而重点阐述了挤压式、撞击式等主流破壳方法,并总结了挤压间隙、撞击速度、加载速率等工作参数对破壳效果的影响规律。同时介绍了基于预处理与定向技术的破壳增效方法。最后,总结了当前破壳取仁技术面临的挑战,并展望了未来的发展趋势。融合机器视觉与人工智能的自适应破壳取仁技术有望实现针对核桃品种与尺寸的破壳参数柔性调控,为核桃加工技术的智能化与高效化提供关键技术支撑。

本文引用格式

王大臣 , 王迎胜 , 周宏平 . 核桃破壳取仁技术研究进展[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2026 , 52(13) : 421 -430 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.044671

Abstract

The walnut industry in China is vital for economic development in mountainous regions and for increasing farmers’ income.As a key preparatory step in walnut processing, shell-breaking and kernel extraction technologies directly influence both kernel quality and production profitability.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in walnut shell-breaking and kernel-extraction technologies.The intrinsic connection between the material properties of walnuts and their shell-breaking effect is summarized.Mainstream shell-breaking methods, including extrusion-based and impact-based techniques, are discussed.The influence of key parameters (e.g., extrusion gap, impact velocity, and loading rate) on shell-breaking performance is analyzed.Subsequently, performance-enhancement strategies based on pretreatment and orientation techniques are presented.Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are outlined.Adaptive shell-breaking technology that integrates machine vision and artificial intelligence is expected to enable parameter adjustment tailored to walnut variety and size, thereby providing critical support for intelligent and efficient walnut processing.

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