隧道式喷淋巴氏杀菌过程常面临温度分布不均、杀菌强度不可控及能耗偏高等问题。该研究结合数值模拟与实验研究啤酒初始温度、喷淋水温及传热不均性对温度场分布与累计杀菌效果的影响规律,并提出空间一致性评价新方法。构建基于计算流体力学的热-流-固耦合模型,依托自建杀菌实验平台,对比验证不同液膜厚度条件下的温度与巴氏杀菌单位(pasteurization unit,PU)分布。结果表明,当液膜厚度为1.25 mm时,预热区与加热区的温度预测误差分别为0.79%、0.63%,模型精度较高;不同初始温度条件在612 s后对杀菌效果影响趋于一致,影响逐渐消失;喷淋水温升高使预热区与加热区温度分别达到31.92～36.81 ℃、57.67～63.21 ℃。传统PU计算忽略空间热交换差异,难以反映局部杀菌偏差。该研究引入变异系数并提出杀菌强度偏差系数计算方式,综合评估温度场与PU双维度的空间杀菌一致性,结合典型工况验证了该方法可有效识别局部过度杀菌与欠杀菌区域。研究结果为隧道式喷淋啤酒巴氏杀菌过程的优化设计及热处理均匀性评价提供了理论依据与仿真支持。
Tunnel-type spray pasteurization of beer often suffers from non-uniform temperature distribution, uncontrollable sterilization intensity, and high energy consumption.To address these challenges, this study combined numerical simulation and experimental analysis to investigate the effects of initial beer temperature, spray water temperature, and heat transfer non-uniformity on the temperature field and cumulative pasteurization performance (pasteurization unit, PU).A heat-fluid-solid coupling model was developed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and validated by an in-house experimental platform under different liquid film thicknesses.Results show that when the film thickness was 1.25 mm, the temperature prediction errors in the preheating and heating zones were 0.79% and 0.63%, respectively, demonstrating high model accuracy.Under different initial temperature conditions, the influence on sterilization effectiveness became negligible after 612 s.Increasing spray water temperature caused the preheating and heating zones to stabilize within 31.92-36.81 ℃ and 57.67-63.21 ℃, respectively.Traditional PU calculations neglected spatial variations in heat transfer, making it difficult to reflect local sterilization deviations.To overcome this limitation, a new spatial consistency assessment method was proposed by introducing the coefficient of variation and defining a sterilization intensity deviation coefficient.This dual-dimensional approach, combining temperature and PU distribution, effectively identified local over-pasteurization and under-pasteurization regions across six representative conditions.The findings provide theoretical guidance and simulation support for optimizing the design and evaluating the thermal uniformity of tunnel-type beer pasteurization processes.
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