Ɛ -聚赖氨酸( Ɛ -poly-L-lysine, Ɛ -PL)是一种天然广谱防腐剂,广泛应用于食品、化妆品和制药行业。目前, Ɛ -PL主要通过白色链霉菌(Streptomyces albulus)的深层发酵生产。葡萄糖是 Ɛ -PL生产常用的碳源,占其生产成本的主要部分,因此开发廉价的替代碳源对 Ɛ -PL发酵至关重要。该文系统研究了白色链霉菌ZY1以甘薯渣水解液(sweet potato residue hydrolysate,SPRH)为碳源发酵生产 Ɛ -PL的特性。当SPRH中葡萄糖质量浓度为50 g/L时,经摇瓶发酵72 h, Ɛ -PL产量达到1.55 g/L。与以纯葡萄糖为唯一碳源的常规发酵对照培养基(M3G 培养基)组相比,48 h时SPRH组的葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶和 Ɛ -PL合成酶活力分别提高了14.3%、6.4%。转录组分析共鉴定出37个上调基因和76个下调基因,其中参与信号识别颗粒介导的蛋白质转运过程的ffs基因上调。在5 L生物反应器的补料分批发酵中,发酵结束时 Ɛ -PL的产量为39.09 g/L,生产效率为4.89 g/(L·d)。该研究为利用廉价农业副产物为碳源高效生产 Ɛ -PL提供了参考。
Ɛ -Poly-L-lysine ( Ɛ -PL), a natural and broad-spectrum preservative, is extensively utilized in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.Currently, Ɛ -PL is mainly produced through submerged fermentation by Streptomyces albulus.The carbon source glucose generally accounts for most of the Ɛ -PL production costs.Therefore, developing cheaper and alternative carbon sources is crucial for Ɛ -PL fermentation.In this study, sweet potato residue hydrolysate (SPRH) used as carbon sources for Ɛ -PL production by S. albulus ZY1 was investigated.When the initial glucose concentration in the SPRH was 50 g/L, after 72 h of shake flask fermentation, the Ɛ -PL titer achieved 1.55 g/L.In addition, compared with the M3G medium (a conventional control medium using pure glucose as the sole carbon source), the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and Ɛ -PL synthetase in the SPRH increased by 14.3% and 6.4% at 48 h, respectively.Subsequently, transcriptome analysis showed that 37 upregulated genes and 76 downregulated genes were identified.Among these, the ffs gene, which is involved in the protein translocation process mediated by the signal recognition particle (SRP), was upregulated.Finally, in fed-batch fermentation with a 5 L bioreactor, Ɛ -PL titer reached 39.09 g/L with a productivity of 4.89 g/(L·d) at the end of fermentation.In summary, this study provided a reference for efficient Ɛ -PL production using agricultural residues as economical carbon sources.
[1] 刘宇翔. 基于L-赖氨酸流加的 Ɛ -聚赖氨酸发酵工艺建立及高产原因解析[D].无锡, 江南大学, 2022.
Liu Y X.Process development and high-yield mechanism analysis for Ɛ -poly-L-lysine production based on L-lysine feeding strategy[D].Wuxi:Jiangnan University, 2022.
[2] 赵晓蕊, 李荣辉, 蔡小雨, 等. Ɛ -聚赖氨酸的抑菌机理及其在肉制品复合保鲜中应用研究进展[J].食品研究与开发, 2023, 44(2):218-224.
Zhao X R, Li R H, Cai X Y, et al.Research progress in Ɛ -polylysine:Antibacterial mechanism and application in composite coating for preservation of meat products[J].Food Research and Development, 2023, 44(2):218-224.
[3] Li B Y, Wu C Q, Bai S M, et al.Enhancement of Ɛ -poly-L-lysine production by Streptomyces albulus FQF-24 with feeding strategies using cassava starch as carbon source[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2024, 47(12):1973-1984.
[4] Yu Y Y, Xia L, Wen J P.Fermentation optimization and metabolomic analysis of Ɛ -polylysine production in Streptomyces albulus[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 220:109758.
[5] Ren X D, Chen X S, Zeng X, et al.Acidic pH shock induced overproduction of Ɛ -poly-L-lysine in fed-batch fermentation by Streptomyces sp.M-Z18 from agro-industrial by-products[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2015, 38(6):1113-1125.
[6] 吴梦萍, 王靓, 张建华, 等.pH-DO组合调控策略提高小白链霉菌 Ɛ -聚赖氨酸的生物合成[J].食品与发酵工业, 2023, 49(5):9-17.
Wu M P, Wang L, Zhang J H, et al.Enhancing the epsilon-poly-L-lysine biosynthesis of Streptomyces albulus by a pH-DO combined regulation strategy[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2023, 49(5):9-17.
[7] 张重阳, 杨昊, 朱道君, 等.过表达L-赖氨酸合成途径关键基因和 Ɛ -聚赖氨酸合成酶基因对 Ɛ -聚赖氨酸合成的影响[J].食品与发酵工业, 2023, 49(6):1-9.
Zhang C Y, Yang H, Zhu D J, et al.Effect of overexpression of key genes in L-lysine biosynthesis pathway and Ɛ -poly-L-lysine synthase gene on Ɛ -poly-L-lysine production[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2023, 49(6):1-9.
[8] Wang L, Yang H, Wu M P, et al.Enhanced Ɛ -poly-L-lysine production in Streptomyces albulus through multi-omics-guided metabolic engineering[J].Biomolecules, 2024, 14(7):752.
[9] Zhu D J, Zhang J W, Li S Y, et al.Enhancing Ɛ -poly-L-lysine production in Streptomyces albulus through L-lysine importer engineering[J].Metabolic Engineering, 2025, 92:102-112.
[10] Wang L, Zhang C Y, Zhang J H, et al.Epsilon-poly-L-lysine:Recent advances in biomanufacturing and applications[J].Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2021, 9:748976.
[11] Xia J, Xu Z X, Xu H, et al.Economical production of poly( Ɛ -L-lysine) and poly (L-diaminopropionic acid) using cane molasses and hydrolysate of Streptomyces cells by Streptomyces albulus PD-1[J].Bioresource Technology, 2014, 164:241-247.
[12] Fu J L, Li C, Ju X, et al.Efficient production of Ɛ -poly-lysine from cassava bagasse hydrolysate used as carbon source by Streptomyces albulus US3-18[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2022, 45(8):1407-1419.
[13] 丛小甫. 物美价廉的大众保健食品: 甘薯[J]. 中国食品, 2007(7):46-47.
Cong X F. Sweet potato-a popular health food with good quality and low price[J]. China Food, 2007(7):46-47.
[14] Książek E. Citric acid: Properties, microbial production, and applications in industries[J]. Molecules, 2023, 29(1):22.
[15] Ju D, Mu T H, Sun H N. Sweet potato and potato residual flours as potential nutritional and healthy food material[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(11):2632-2645.
[16] 李燕, 周龙, 王允祥, 等.甘薯渣综合利用研究进展[J].粮食与饲料工业, 2014(4):41-44.
Li Y, Zhou L, Wang Y X, et al.Research progress on the comprehensive utilization of sweet potato residue[J].Cereal & Feed Industry, 2014(4):41-44.
[17] Zeng X, Chen X S, Ren X D, et al.Insights into the role of glucose and glycerol as a mixed carbon source in the improvement of Ɛ -poly-L-lysine productivity[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014, 173(8):2211-2224.
[18] 曾昕. 小白链霉菌同步代谢葡萄糖和甘油合成 Ɛ -聚赖氨酸的生理机制研究[D].无锡:江南大学, 2016.
Zeng X.Physiological analysis of the Ɛ -poly-L-lysine biosynthesis in Streptomyces albulus used glucose and glycerol as mixed carbon source[D].Wuxi:Jiangnan University, 2016.
[19] Tang Z Y, Xiao C Y, Zhuang Y P, et al.Improved oxytetracycline production in Streptomyces rimosus M4018 by metabolic engineering of the G6PDH gene in the pentose phosphate pathway[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2011, 49(1):17-24.
[20] Yamanaka K, Kito N, Imokawa Y, et al.Mechanism of epsilon-poly-L-lysine production and accumulation revealed by identification and analysis of an epsilon-poly-L-lysine-degrading enzyme[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2010, 76(17):5669-5675.
[21] Wang S Y, Xu J L, Xu S, et al.Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet potato residue by fed-batch method to prepare high-concentration glucose[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2025, 48(5):829-839.
[22] Lian C C, Zhang M, Mao J Q, et al.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses for providing insights into the influence of polylysine synthetase on the metabolism of Streptomyces albulus[J].Microbial Cell Factories, 2022, 21(1):224.
[23] Pagana I, Morawicki R, Hager T J.Lactic acid production using waste generated from sweet potato processing[J].International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2014, 49(2):641-649.
[24] Li S, Chen X S, Dong C L, et al. Combining genome shuffling and interspecific hybridization among Streptomyces improved ε-poly-L-lysine production[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2013, 169(1):338-350.
[25] Ardha A, Julia C, Joerg F.A review of starch, a unique biopolymer-Structure, metabolism and in planta modifications[J].Plant Science, 2022, 318:111223.
[26] Kahar P, Iwata T, Hiraki J, et al.Enhancement of Ɛ -polylysine production by Streptomyces albulus strain 410 using pH control[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2001, 91(2):190-194.
