利用高通量测序分析了不同品质窖泥的微生物群落结构，同时检测其酶活指标，并进行相关性分析。结果表明：窖泥中的蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶的活性随窖泥品质的提升而升高，脲酶活性则反之；脱氢酶活性在一级窖泥中最高，但在二、三级窖泥中差异不显著；三个等级窖泥中的细菌共分为2050个OTU，其中一级窖泥的OTU数占总OTU数的50.6 %，超过了二级、三级窖泥OTU数的总和；其主要分布于9个门、39个属，其中Firmicutes（厚壁菌门）都占主导地位，Sporobacter、Coriobacterineae等菌属在窖泥中所占比例与窖泥品质呈现出一定的正相关关系。相关分析结果表明：窖泥微生物群落结构与蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶活性呈显著相关（P<0.05）。不同品质窖泥的酶活力和微生物群落结构都呈现一定的规律性，窖泥的酶活可作为反映窖泥品质的指标以做深入研究。

In this article, the microbial community structure in pit mud of different quality was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and pit mud’s enzyme activity was also detected. and then to analyze the correlations among them. The results showed that：The activity of protease, acid phosphatase, catalase increased with quality improvement of the pit mud; But the activity of urease decreased with the quality improvement of pit mud, Dehydrogenase showed the highest activity in the superior pit mud, no significant difference between the secondary and tertiary pit mud. A total of 2050 OTU were obtained in three grades of pit mud,The number of OTU in primary pit mud accounts for 50.6% of the total OUT,More than the sum of the secondary and tertiary OTU number in pit mud;Microbodies of all pit mud are mainly distributed in 9 phylums and 39 genuses. Firmicutes play a leading role in the pit mud , The proportion of Sporobacter, Coriobacterineae,etc in pit mud has a positive correlation with the quality of pit mud.Correlation analysis between enzyme activity and microbial community showed that protease, acid phospha- tase, catalase and dehydrogenase represented significant with microbial community in pit mud. The enzyme activity and microbial community structure in pit mud of different quality all showed certain regularity, and the enzyme activity of pit mud can be used as an indicator to reflect the quality of pit mud to make further analysis.