提高中华绒螯蟹分割加工产品的品质和得率,采用响应面优化得到超高压辅助脱壳的最佳工艺参数:压力440 MPa,时间16 min,温度60 ℃,此时分割得率为34.24%,产品品质得分为42.50。超高压脱壳产品分割得率较常规蒸煮(27.58%)提高了6.66%,品质得分提高至蒸煮的1.37倍(由31.00到42.50),且分割产品色泽鲜嫩,完整性好,感官品质高。超高压和蒸煮处理在手工脱壳时间方面无显著性差异,但与传统蒸煮处理(22 min)相比,超高压处理(16 min)能在一定程度上缩短蟹分割加工的前处理时间。最后,选取工业化生产中常见的蒸箱和超高压设备进行能耗估算,超高压辅助脱壳(304 kJ/kg)较传统蒸煮脱壳(648 kJ/kg)能够节省约53%的能耗。因此,使用超高压技术替代热处理进行辅助脱壳是可行的。
In order to improve the quality and yield of detached Chinese mitten crab products, high pressure processing (HPP) was used to shell the crabs. The process parameters were optimized by using response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions were: processing at 440 MPa at 60℃ for 16 min. At this condition, the segmentation yield and quality score were 34.24% and 42.50, respectively. The yield of pressurized crabs increased by 6.66% compared with that of thermal treated samples (27.58%). The quality score of pressurized products was 1.37 times higher than thermal treated samples (from 31.00 to 42.50). Visual inspection revealed that the products of pressurized crabs were fresher and more integrated than thermal treated samples, and with a higher sensory quality. There was no statistically significant difference in hand shelling time between HPP and thermal treatment. However, HPP reduced the pretreatment time of shelling (16 min) compared with thermal treatment (22 min), which could shorten the production cycle to a certain extent. Finally, the industrial steamer and HPP equipment were selected to estimate the energy consumption of HPP and thermal treatment. It was found that HPP (304 kJ/kg) could save about 53% energy as compared with thermal treatment (648 kJ/kg). Therefore, it is feasible to apply HPP as an alternative method to replace thermal treatment to shell crabs.
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