Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 is an excellent probiotic strain isolated from Sichuan traditional sauerkraut. When lactic acid bacteria enter the human gastrointestinal tract, they often encounter adverse conditions, such as bile salts and gastric acid, which may reduce their physiological activities. In order to study the effects of bile salts on L. plantarum NCU116, changes in transcription levels of associated genes as well as key physiological indicators of L. plantarum NCU116 under the stress of 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1 g/100 mL bile salts were analyzed. The results showed that the transcription levels of dnaK and groES, hsp, pfk, and uvrD1, which encode for molecular chaperone protein, heat shock protein, 6-phosphofructose kinase, and ATP-dependent DNA helicase, respectively, were significantly up-regulated by 0.3 g/100 mL bile salts. Moreover, the cellular surface hydrophobicity and self-aggregation characteristics of L. plantarum NCU116 reduced. Besides, its cell membrane integrity was destroyed, and its glucose metabolism was inhibited. However, the impacts of bile salts on L. plantarum NCU116 weakened as the concentration of bile salts increased to 0.7 and 1 g/100 mL. In addition, bile salts increased the contents of intracellular total amino acids contents. This study revealed that L. plantarum NCU116 has good ability to resist bile salts and therefore has the potential to exert its probiotic functions in the gastrointestinal tract.
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