比较中国不同花源蜂蜜蛋白质组分及提取方法的差异。以枣花蜜、荆条蜜、龙眼蜜、土蜂蜜、洋槐蜜和油菜蜜为研究对象,比较6种蜂蜜蛋白质电泳行为差异;采用超滤法和硫酸-钨酸钠沉淀法提取蜂蜜蛋白,分析2种蛋白质提取方法的适用性及分离效果。6种不同花源蜂蜜蛋白质相对分子质量集中在14.4~97.4 kDa,但蛋白质组成和含量在品种间差异明显,而枣花蜜、龙眼蜜和土蜂蜜在> 97.4 kDa存在较多高分子质量蛋白;超滤法适合提取枣花蜜、荆条蜜、洋槐蜜和油菜蜜蛋白质,而龙眼蜜和土蜂蜜适合用硫酸-钨酸钠沉淀法分离,2种方法获得的6种蜂蜜蛋白在SDS-PAGE和RP-HPLC图谱中呈现明显的分子质量和疏水性差异。这为基于蛋白质差异构建蜂蜜花源鉴别技术奠定理论基础。
The methods to extract proteins from honey from different floral origins in China and their protein compositions were compared. Jujube honey, chaste honey, lungan honey, Apis cerana honey, acacia honey, and rape honey were selected to compare their differences in protein electrophoresis. Besides, the feasibilities and effects of applying ultrafiltration and sulfuric acid-sodium tungstate precipitation in extracting proteins were analyzed. The relative molecular weights of proteins from the six floral honey were in the range of 14.4-97.4 kDa, but their protein compositions and contents were significantly different. In addition, Jujube honey, lungan honey, and Apis cerana honey contained more high-molecular weight proteins (>97.4 kDa). Moreover, proteins from jujube honey, chaste honey, acacia honey, and rape honey were better extracted by ultrafiltration, while sulfuric acid-sodium tungstate precipitation method was suitable for extracting proteins from lungan and Apis cerana honey. Furthermore, the proteins obtained by these two methods showed clearly different molecular weights and hydrophobic characteristics. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical foundation for identifying floral origin of honey based on protein differences.
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