对菱角不同部位进行相关研究,以期提高对棱角的果壳、果肉的综合利用。提取菱角果壳、果肉中醇溶性与水溶性物质,并测定其主要活性成分含量。同时,检测DPPH自由基清除能力、抗脂质过氧化能力等指标以评价各提取物抗氧化活性。果壳醇溶性提取物中皂苷、多酚、黄酮含量,及水溶性提取物中多糖含量分别为(31.18±2.33)、(189.52±5.31)、(56.12±2.98)、(139.72±4.22)mg/g,均显著高于果肉。此外,对各提取物而言,随着添加量的增加,各抗氧化指标均随之增高,整体体现为果壳醇溶性提取物>果壳水溶性提取物>果肉醇溶性提取物>果肉水溶性提取物。菱角果壳中含有丰富的活性物质,且具有良好的抗氧化能力,该结果可为菱角的深入加工,尤其是菱壳的再利用提供参考依据。
This study explored different parts of water caltrop in order to comprehensively utilize its pulp and pericarp. The ethanol- and water-soluble substances in the pulp and pericarp of water caltrop were extracted and determined for its main bioactive components. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of all extracts was evaluated by detecting their DPPH radical scavenging ability and anti-lipid peroxidation ability etc. The contents of saponins, phenols and flavonoids in ethanolic extracts, and polysaccharides in aqueous extracts of pericarp were (31.18±2.33), (189.52±5.31), (56.12±2.98) and (139.72±4.22) mg/g, respectively, which were all significantly higher than those in the pulp. In addition, all antioxidant indexes increased with increased amount of all extracts. As a whole, the ethanolic extracts of pericarp had the highest antioxidant activity, followed by aqueous extracts of pericarp, ethanolic extracts of pulp, and aqueous extracts of pulp. In summary, the pericarp of water caltrop contains rich bioactive substances and has good antioxidant capacity, which provides an important reference for deep processing of water caltrop, especially for reuse of its pericarp.
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