燕麦β-葡聚糖(oats β-glucans, OGs)及其水解寡糖(oats β-glucan oligosaccharides, OGOs)被认为是具有潜在益生元特性的功能性物质。从燕麦麸皮中提取得到分子质量为1.34×105 Da的β-葡聚糖(OGs),并通过OGs酸水解得到聚合度范围为3~11的β-葡寡糖(OGOs)。分别以OGs和OGOs为培养基碳源,进行健康人和2型糖尿病人来源粪便菌群的体外厌氧发酵,研究OGs和OGOs对不同来源肠道菌群结构和代谢的影响。结果显示,健康人和2型糖尿病人粪便菌群均可以较好地利用OGs和OGOs,在经过48 h发酵后利用率均可以达到93%以上。以OGs和OGOs为碳源对健康人和2型糖尿病人粪便菌群发酵48 h后,发酵液pH均显著降低,乙酸和丙酸含量均显著增加。相比于OGOs,以OGs为碳源发酵粪便菌群48 h后,粪便菌群中产丁酸菌相对总细菌的含量显著提高(P<0.05),相应地,发酵液中丁酸含量显著增加(P<0.05);与OGs相比,以OGOs为碳源则显著增加了粪便菌群中乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的相对含量(P<0.05),并且明显增加了发酵液中乙酸和丙酸含量。研究结果显示,OGs和OGOs对肠道菌群的组成和代谢有不同的改善作用,OGs和OGOs可能可以有针对性地改善2型糖尿病人肠道菌群的结构和相关代谢。
Oat β-glucans (OGs) and the resultant oligosaccharides (oats β-glucan oligosaccharides, OGOs) are considered to be functional components with potential prebiotic properties. OGs with a molecular weight of 1.34×105 Da was extracted from oat bran, and OGOs with polymerization degree ranging from 3 to 11, were obtained from acid hydrolysis of OGs. Using OGs and OGOs respectively as the carbon source, in vitro anaerobic fermentation was conducted using fecal flora from healthy people or type 2 diabetic patients. The effects of OGs and OGOs on composition and metabolism of intestinal flora from different sources were studied. The results showed that both fecal floras could make good use of OGs and OGOs, and the utilization rate reached over 93% after 48 h fermentation. The pH value of the fermentation broth significantly decreased, and the content of acetic acid and propionic acid significantly increased after 48 h fermentation. Compared with OGOs, the ratio of butyrate-producing bacteria significantly increased (P<0.05) using OGs as carbon source, leading to a significantly increased (P<0.05) butyric acid content in the fermentation broth. Compared with OGs, using OGOs as a carbon source significantly increased the relative contents of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the fecal flora (P<0.05). Also, the content of acetic acid and propionic acid was significantly increased in the fermentation broth. Based on the results, OGs and OGOs have different effects on the composition and metabolism of the intestinal flora. And OGs and OGOs may specifically improve the composition and related metabolism of the intestinal flora in type 2 diabetic individuals.
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