红曲菌在发酵过程中产生多种次级代谢产物,其中红曲色素作为一种使用历史悠久的天然色素,广泛应用于食品、医药、化妆品等行业领域中。但伴随着红曲色素的合成,会产生具有肾毒性的真菌毒素——桔霉素,使红曲色素的应用受到限制。为找到最佳培养基成分及培养条件,提高红曲色素产量的同时,降低桔霉素含量,以色素色价、菌体干重、桔霉素含量为考察指标进行筛选。结果表明,红曲菌高产橙黄色素、低产桔霉素的最佳发酵条件为:可溶性淀粉60 g/L,氮源为10 g/L(NH4)2SO4,2 g/L K2HPO4, 2.0 g/L MgSO4, 0.02 g/L ZnSO4;装液量50 mL/250 mL,初始pH 3,转速200 r/min,在28 ℃下培养5 d。在此工艺条件下,橙、黄色素分别比之前提高了6倍和4倍,桔霉素含量降低了30%。
Monascus pigments, the secondary metabolites of Monascus sp., is a kind of natural pigments with a long application history and is widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics and other industries. However, biosafety should be regarded for some strains or fermentation process caused the products contained remarkable level of citrinin, a nephrotoxicity-genic compound. In this study, the medium components and culture conditions were optimized to improve the yield of Monascus pigments and to reduce the content of citrinin, taking pigment value, biomass and the content of citrinin as indicators. The results showed that the optimal medium for shaking flask fermentation were as follows: soluble starch 60 g/L , (NH4)2SO4 10 g/L, K2HPO4 2 g/L, MgSO4 2 g/L and ZnSO4 0.02 g/L, and the optimal fermentation conditions were: broth content 50 mL/250 mL, initial pH 3.0, rotation speed 200 r/min, temperature 28 ℃ and duration 5 days. Under this condition, the yields of monascorubrin (orange) and monascin (yellow) were increased by 6 times and 4 times, respectively, and that of citrinin reduced by 30%.
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