In order to evaluate the nutritional value of three kinds of macroalgae (Macrocystis pyrifera, Durvillaea potatorum and Ecklonia radiata) and to further explore their potential utilization, the contents of basic nutrients, amino acids, fatty acids, inorganic elements, alginate, mannitol and iodine of the three kinds of brown algae were determined, and their nutritional value was evaluated. The results showed that all these three algae contained high carbohydrate and low fat, and the soluble dietary fiber in D. potatorum and the insoluble dietary fiber of E. radiata were 34.53% and 47.64%, respectively. Besides, all 18 kinds of amino acids were found in these algae, including eight kinds of essential amino acids, and the first limiting amino acid was Trp. The amino acid composition of M. pyrifera and E. radiata was relatively balanced and reasonable. The amino acid score and EAAI of D. potatorum were low, and the amino acid composition was relatively unbalanced. Moreover, saturated fatty acids account for a higher proportion of total fatty acids. They were all rich in Na, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, I, alginate and mannitol, among which the content of Ca in E. radiata was up to 37.99 mg/g and alginate in D. potatorum was up to 52.20%. In conclusion, M. pyrifera, D. potatorum and E. radiata have great potential in seaweed chemical industry and functional food development.
[1] ALMANAZA V,BUSCHMANN A H,HERNARDEZ—GONZALEZ M C,et al.Can giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forests enhance invertebrate recruitment in southern Chile?[J].Marine Biology Research, 2012, 8(9): 855-864.
[2] 魏玉西,张虹,牛锡珍. 巨藻生产褐藻胶工艺改进方法的探讨[J]. 海洋科学,2002,26(6):10-12.
[3] ORTIZ J, UQUICHE E, ROBERT P, et al.Functional and nutritional value of the Chilean seaweeds Codium fragile, Gracilaria chilensis and Macrocystis pyrifera[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2009, 111(4):320-327.
[4] FRASER C I, WINTER D J, SPENCER H G, et al.Multigene phylogeny of the southern bull-kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae: Fucales)[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2010, 57(3): 1 301-1 311.
[5] MATHEICKAL J T, YU Q M, WOODBURN G M.Biosorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions by pre-treated biomass of marine alga DurvillAaa potatorum[J]. Water Research, 1999, 33(2):335-342.
[6] 马卫东, 顾国维,Qinming Yu.海洋巨藻生物吸附剂对Hg2+吸附性能的研究[J].上海环境科学,2001,20(10):489-494;509.
[7] MATTNER S W, MILINKOVIC M, ARIOLI T.Increased growth response of strawberry roots to a commercial extract from Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2018, 30(5):2 943-2 951.
[8] MATTNER S W, WITE D, RICHES D A, et al.The effect of kelp extract on seedling establishment of broccoli on contrasting soil types in southern Victoria, Australia[J]. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 2013, 29(4):258-270.
[9] LORBEER A J, CHAROENSIDDHI S, LAHNSTEIN J, et al.Sequential extraction and characterization of fucoidans and alginates from Ecklonia radiata, Macrocystis pyrifera, Durvillaea potatorum, and Seirococcus axillaris[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2017, 29(3): 1 515-1 526.
[10] VIRTUE P, NICHOLS P D.Lipids from the bull kelp Durvillaea potatorump[J]. Phytochemistry, 1994, 37(3):673-676.
[11] SKRZYPCZYK V M, HERMON K M, NORAMBUENA F, et al.Is Australian seaweed worth eating? Nutritional and sensorial properties of wild-harvested Australian versus commercially available seaweeds[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2019, 31(1):709-724.
[12] DOLMAN G, COLEMAN M A.Characterisation of microsatellite loci in the habitat-forming kelp, Ecklonia radiata (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales)[J]. Conservation Genetics, 2009, 10(3):657-660.
[13] BLAIN C O, SHEARS N T.Seasonal and spatial variation in photosynthetic response of the kelp Ecklonia radiata across a turbidity gradient[J]. Photosynthesis Research, 2019, 140(1):21-38.
[14] YOUNG M, IERODIACONOU D, WOMERSLEY T.Forests of the sea: Predictive habitat modeling to assess the abundance of canopy forming kelp forests on temperate reefs[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2015, 170:178-187.
[15] CHAROENSIDDHI S, CONLON M A, METHACANON P, et al.Polysaccharide and phlorotannin-enriched extracts of the brown seaweed Ecklonia radiata influence human gut microbiota and fermentation in vitro[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2017, 29(5):2 407-2 416.
[16] CHAROENSIDDHI S, LORBEER A J, LAHNSTEIN J, et al.Enzyme-assisted extraction of carbohydrates from the brown alga Ecklonia radiata: Effect of enzyme type, pH and buffer on sugar yield and molecular weight profiles[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2016, 51(10):1 503-1 510.
[17] CHAROENSIDDHI S, FRANCO C, SU P, et al.Improved antioxidant activities of brown seaweed Ecklonia radiata extracts prepared by microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2015, 27(5): 2 049-2 058.
[18] CHAROENSIDDHI S, LORBEER A J, FRANCO C M M, et al. Process and economic feasibility for the production of functional food from the brown alga, Ecklonia radiata[J]. Algal Research, 2018, 29:80-91.
[19] STEWART C M, HIGGINS H G, AUSTIN S.Seasonal variation in alginic acid, mannitol, laminarin and fucoidin in the brown alga, Ecklonia radiata[J]. Nature, 1961, 192(480):1 208.
[20] 尚德荣,宁劲松,赵艳芳,等. 海带中褐藻胶含量测定方法的建立[J]. 食品科技, 2011,36(8):252-254.
[21] PELLETT P L, YONG V R.Nutritional evaluation of protein foods[M]. Tokyo: The United National University, 1980: 26-29.
[22] 桥本芳郎. 养鱼饲料学[M]. 蔡完其,译.北京: 中国农业出版社, 1980:114-115.
[23] 宋超, 庄平, 章龙珍, 等.野生及人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼肌肉营养成分的比较[J]. 动物学报, 2007, 53(3): 502-510.
[24] LORENZO J, AGREGAN R, PAULO M, et al.Proximate composition and nutritional value of three macroalgae: Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Bifurcaria bifurcata[J]. Marine Drugs, 2017, 15(11):360-371.
[25] 姚海芹,王飞久,刘福利,等. 食用海带品系营养成分分析与评价[J]. 食品科学, 2016, 37(12):95-98.
[26] 卢虹玉, 杨小青, 谢恩义,等. 全缘马尾藻的主要营养成分分析与评价[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2013,34(7):120-122.
[27] FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. Protein and amino acids requirements in human nutrition[M]. FAO/WHO/UNU: Rome, Italy, 2007: 135-159.
[28] 李红艳, 王颖, 刘天红, 等. 裙带菜孢子叶营养成分分析及品质评价[J]. 南方农业学报, 2018, 49(9): 1 821-1 826.
[29] 李继伟,杨贤庆,潘创,等. 琼枝麒麟菜营养成分分析与评价[J]. 食品与发酵工业,2020,46(15):265-269.
[30] 张晓梅, 郭芮, 苏红, 等. 羊栖菜营养成分分析与安全性评价[J]. 食品工业科技, 2018,39(4): 296-300;311.
[31] 王萍,张银波,江木兰. 多不饱和脂肪酸的研究进展[J]. 中国油脂, 2008,33(12):42-46.
[32] 詹冬梅,王翔宇,辛美丽,等. 三种马尾藻的营养组成分析[J]. 广西科学院学报,2016,32(3):221-225.
[33] 盛晓风,赵艳芳,尚德荣,等.海带不同生长时期营养成分和主要元素差异比较[J]. 食品科技, 2011, 36(12):66-68.
