研究了玉米储藏过程中霉菌数量与产生毒素黄曲霉毒素B1间的关系。将初始水分含量12.42%、14.30%、15.89%、17.62%、19.88%的玉米在30℃,相对湿度为75%、84%和92%的模拟环境中储藏35 d;测定霉菌总数及黄曲霉、木霉、黑曲霉的数量及黄曲霉毒素B1量。结果表明,玉米在相对湿度75%的环境中黄曲霉数量和产毒量最大的初始水分含量均是15.89%,其毒素量是初始毒素量的29.88倍;相对湿度84%的环境中黄曲霉数量最高的玉米初始水分含量是19.88%,产毒最多的玉米初始水分含量却是14.30%,其毒素量是初始毒素量的11.25倍;在相对湿度92%的环境中黄曲霉数量最高的玉米初始水分含量是17.62%,产毒最多的玉米初始水分含量是15.89%,其毒素量是初始毒素量的53.53倍。且在中、高湿环境中黄曲霉生长及产毒受其他微生物抑制较大。经相关性分析,在温度30℃相对水分75%储藏环境中,玉米上黄曲霉和黑曲霉总数均与黄曲霉毒素B1呈极显著正相关性(P<0.001,k≥0.997);在温度30℃,相对湿度84%环境中,玉米上黑曲霉总数与黄曲霉毒素B1呈显著正相关性(P<0.05,k=0.921)。

The relationship between the number of corn mold and aflatoxin B1 production under different storage conditions was studied in this paper. The corn with initial moisture content of 12. 42%,14. 30%,15. 89%,17. 62%and 19. 88% was stored at 30 ℃ and 75%,84% and 92% relative humidity for 35 days. The total amount of Aspergillusflavus and Penicillium was counted. The aflatoxin B1 was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The result showed that highest quantities of aspergillusflavus at relative humidity of 75%,84% and 92% were reached when the initial moisture contents of corns were up to 15. 89%,17. 62% and 17. 62%. But for the highest amount of aflatoxin,those were 15. 89%,14. 30%,and 15. 89%,respectively. The growth of aspergillusflavus and its toxin-producing ability were inhibited by other microorganisms in the medium and high humidity condition. When corn was stored at 30 ℃ and 75% relative moisture for 35 days,the total numbers of aspergillusflavus and aspergillus Niger were significantly positive correlation with aflatoxin B1( P < 0. 001,k≥0. 997). The total number of aspergillus Niger on the corn was significantly positive correlation with aflatoxin B1 at 30 ℃ and relative moisture 75%( P <0. 05,k = 0. 921).