[1] LI G T, ZHU F.Quinoa starch:Structure, properties, and applications[J].Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 181: 851-861.
[2] GUERRERO J B S, RODRIGUEZ D J D, GARCIA R R.Quinoa saponins:Concentration and composition analysis[C].Trends in New Crops & New Uses Fifth National Symposium,2002.
[3] NASCIMENTO A C, MOTA C, COLHO I, et al.Characterisation of nutrient profile of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus), and purple corn (Zea mays L.) consumed in the North of Argentina:Proximates, minerals and trace elements[J].Food Chemistry, 2014, 148:420-426.
[4] TANG Y, TSAO R.Phytochemicals in quinoa and amaranth grains and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential health beneficial effects:A review[J].Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2017, 61(7):1-16.
[5] VARLI S N, SANLIER N.Nutritional and health benefits of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)[J].Journal of Cereal Science, 2016, 69:371-376.
[6] 邓俊琳, 夏陈, 张盈娇, 等.拉萨藜麦的营养成分分析与比较[J].中国食物与营养, 2017, 23(9):55-58.
DENG J L, XIA C, ZHANG Y J, et al.Nutrition composition analysis on quinoa cultivated in Lasa[J].Food and Nutrition in China, 2017, 23(9):55-58.
[7] 贾金才, 杨颖辉, 王亚荣.张北县藜麦产业发展现状分析[J].农业与技术, 2020, 40(5):29-30.
JIA J C, YANG Y H, WANG Y R.Analysis on the development status of quinoa industry in Zhangbei county[J].Agriculture and Technology, 2020, 40(5):29-30.
[8] 徐骋. 基于藜麦的种植技术与营养价值分析[J].农家参谋, 2019(20):71.
XU P.Planting technology and nutritional value analysis based on quinoa[J].The Farmers Consultant, 2019(20):71.
[9] 梁军林, 李霞, 李嘉奕, 等.藜麦产品研发现状及前景[J].粮食加工, 2017, 42(6):64-67.
LIANG J L, LI X, LI J Y, et al.Development status and prospects of quinoa products[J].Grain Processing, 2017, 42(6):64-67.
[10] USTUNDAG O Z, MAZZA G.Saponins:Properties, applications and processing[J].Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2007, 47(3):231-258.
[11] PICKETT J A, KHAN Z R.Plant volatile-mediated signalling and its application in agriculture:Successes and challenges[J].New Phytologist, 2016, 212(4):856-870.
[12] MITHOFER A, BOLAND W, MAFFEI M E. Annual Plant Reviews, Molecular Aspects of Plant Disease Resistance[M]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009:261-291.
[13] QASIM M, ISLAM W, JAVARIA H, et al. Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites[M]. Switzerland: Springer, 2019:898-911.
[14] JARVIE D E, HO Y S, LIGHTFOOT A J, et al.The genome of Chenopodium quinoa[J].Nature,2017, 542(7 641):307-312.
[15] JURADO J F, POLLIER J, MOSES T, et al.Saponin determination, expression analysis and functional characterization of saponin biosynthetic genes in Chenopodium quinoa leaves[J].Plant Science, 2016, 250:188-197.
[16] XUE P, ZHAO L, WANG Y J, et al.Reducing the damage of quinoa saponins on human gastric mucosal cells by a heating process[J].Food Science & Nutrition, 2020, 8(1):500-510.
[17] JURADO J F, POLLIER J, MOSES T, et al.Saponin determination, expression analysis and functional characterization of saponin biosynthetic genes in Chenopodium quinoa leaves[J].Plant Science, 2016,250:188-197.
[18] CHWALEK M, LALUN N, HELENE B, et al.Structure-activity relationships of some hederagenin diglycosides:Haemolysis, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction[J].Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta General Subjects, 2006, 1760(9):1 418-1 427.
[19] HO S S, PAL S.Margarine phytosterols decrease the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins from HepG2 liver and Caco2 intestinal cells[J].Atherosclerosis, 2005, 182(1):29-36.
[20] SOLTANI M, PARIVAR K, BAHARARA J, et al.Hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of saponin purified from Holothuria leucospilota sea cucumber[J].Reports of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 2014, 3(1):43-50.
[21] MADL T, STERK H, MITTELBACH M, et al.Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of a complex triterpene saponin mixture of Chenopodium quinoa[J].Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2006, 17(6):795-806.
[22] MUIR A D, BALLANTYUE K D, HALL T W. Saponins in Food, Feedstuffs and Medicinal Plants[M]. Oxford and London: Clarendon Press, 2000:35-41.
[23] CHAUHANG S, ESKINN A M, TKACHUK R.Nutrients and antinutrients in quinoa seed[J].Cereal Chemistry, 1992, 69(1):85-88.
[24] CUADRADO C, AYET G, BURBANO C, et al.Occurrence of saponins and sapogenols in Andean crops[J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 1995, 67(2):169-172.
[25] MASTEBROEK H D, LIMBURG H, GILLES T, et al.Occurrence of sapogenins in leaves and seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2000, 80(1):152-156.
[26] LIM J G, PARK H M, YOON K S.Analysis of saponin composition and comparison of the antioxidant activity of various parts of the quinoa plant (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)[J].Food Science & Nutrition, 2020, 8(1):694-702.
[27] WOLDEMICHAEL G M, WINK M.Identification and biological activities of triterpenoid saponins from Chenopodium quinoa[J].Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 2001:49(5):2 327-2 332.
[28] DINI I, SCHETTINO O, SIMIOLI T, et al.Studies on the constituents of Chenopodium quinoa Seeds: Isolation and characterization of new triterpene saponins[J].Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 2001, 49(2):741-746.
[29] DINI I, TENORE G C, SCHETTINO O, et al.New oleanane saponins in Chenopodium quinoa[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001, 49(8):3 976-3 981.
[30] ZHU N Q, SHENG S Q, SANG S M, et al.Triterpene saponins from debittered quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds[J].Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 2002, 50(4):865-867.
[31] KUJANABHAGAVAD T, THONGPHASUK P, CHAMULITRAT W, et al.Triterpene saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd[J].Phytochemistry, 2008, 69(9):1 919-1 926.
[32] VERZA S G, SILVERIRA F, CIBULSKI S, et al.Immunoadjuvant activity, toxicity assays, and determination by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS of triterpenic saponins from Chenopodium quinoa seeds[J].Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 2012, 60(12):3 113-3 118.
[33] ESCRIBANO J, CABANES J, ATIRNZAR M J, et al.Characterization of betalains, saponins and antioxidant power in differently colored quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) varieties[J].Food Chemistry, 2017, 234(1):285-294.
[34] DONG S X, YANG X S, ZHAO L, et al.Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd.husks against foodborne pathogenic bacteria[J].Industrial Crops & Products, 2020, 149:112 350.
[35] LETELIER M E, ROJAS C R, JOFRE S S, et al.Surfactant and antioxidant properties of an extract from Chenopodium quinoa Willd seed coats[J].Journal of Cereal Science, 2011, 53(2):239-243.
[36] NSIMBA R Y, KIKUZAKI H, KONISHI Y.Antioxidant activity of various extracts and fractions of Chenopodium quinoa and Amaranthus spp seeds[J].Food Chemistry, 2007, 106(2):760-766.
[37] 杜静婷, 陈超, 范三红.响应面法优化藜麦糠皂苷的提取及抗氧化活性[J].山西农业科学, 2016, 44(7):932-937.
DU J T, CHEN C, FAN S H.Optimization of extraction conditions for saponins from Chenopodium quinoa bran by response surface[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(7):932-937.
[38] STUARDO M, MARTIN R S.Antifungal properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) alkali treated saponins against Botrytis cinerea[J].Industrial Crops & Products, 2007, 27(3):296-302.
[39] SUN X Y, YANG X S, XUE P, et al.Improved ant ibacterial effects of alkali-transformed saponin from quinoa husks against halitosis-related bacteria[J].Bmc Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2019, 19(1):46.
[40] YAO Y, YANG X S, SHI Z X, et al.Anti-inflammatory activity of saponins from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages Cells[J].Journal of Food Science, 2014, 79(5);1 018-1 023.
[41] YANG Y, LAVAL S, YUB B.Chemical synthesis of saponins[J].Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry,2014, 71:137-226.
[42] SUN Y X, LI M Q, LIU J C.Haemolytic activities and adjuvant effect of Anemone raddeana saponins (ARS) on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice[J].International Immunopharmacology, 2008, 8(8):1 095-1 102.
[43] SUN H X, XIE Y, YE Y P.Advances in saponin-based adjuvants[J].Vaccine, 2009, 27(12):1 787-1 796.
[44] SONG X M, HU S H.Adjuvant activities of saponins from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs[J].Vaccine, 2009, 27(36):4 883-4 890.
[45] RAVINDRA C J, RICARDO S M, NAVARRETE C S, et al.Efficacy of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) saponins against golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in the Philippines under laboratory conditions[J].Crop Protection, 2007, 27(3):553-557.
[46] MARTIN R S, NDJOKO K, HOSTETTMAN K.Novel molluscicide against Pomacea canaliculata based on quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) saponin[J].Crop Protection, 2007, 27(3):310-319.
[47] RUIZ M C, JONES H C, SCHLOTTERBECK T, et al.Safety and efficacy of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) saponins derived molluscicide to control of Pomacea maculata in rice fields in the Ebro Delta, Spain[J].Crop Protection, 2018, 111:42-49.
[48] YAO Y, ZHU Y Y, GAO Y, et al.Suppressive effects of saponin-enriched extracts from quinoa on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation[J].Food & Function, 2015, 6(10):3 282-3 290.
[49] FOUCAULT A S, EVEN P, LAFONT R, et al.Quinoa extract enriched in 20-hydroxyecdysone affects energy homeostasis and intestinal fat absorption in mice fed a high-fat diet[J].Phys Behavior, 2014, 128:226-231.
[50] 冯焕琴. 藜麦活性物质提取及测定方法的比较[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学, 2017.
FENG H Q.Comparison of extraction and determination methods of active substances in quinoa[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University, 2017.
