采用高通量测序技术,对采集自湖北省荆州地区下辖的监利市和石首县的霉豆渣样品真菌多样性进行解析。结果发现,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)平均相对含量57.77%、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)33.54%和毛霉门(Mucoromycota)8.00%,为荆州地区霉豆渣中主要真菌门,且各菌门在2 个县市霉豆渣样品中含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。镰刀霉属(Fusarium)34.60%、丝孢酵母属(Trichosporon)28.96%、篮状菌属(Talaromyces)12.51%、放射毛霉属(Actinomucor)7.27%和枝孢属(Cladosporium)1.55%为主要真菌属,且镰刀霉属在2 个县市霉豆渣样品中含量差异极显著(P<0.01),其在监利市和石首县样品中的平均相对含量分别为56.74%和12.45%。10 个分类操作单元矩阵(operational taxonomic units,OTU)存在所有样品中,其中OTU1366和OTU963分别被鉴定为丝孢酵母属和镰刀霉属,平均相对含量分别为27.50%和29.08%。经聚类分析、主坐标分析和多元方差分析发现,采集自荆州地区下辖2个县市的霉豆渣样品真菌群落结构存在显著差异(P<0.05),且采集自石首县的霉豆渣真菌类群的组间差异性大于监利市(P<0.05);经LEfSe(linear discriminant analysis effect size)分析发现,导致2 个县市霉豆渣样品存在差异的类群为耐碱酵母属(Galactomyces),其在监利市和石首县样品中的相对含量分别为1.46%和0.62%。由此可见,虽然共有大量的核心类群,但荆州地区不同县市制作的霉豆渣其真菌群落结构存在显著的差异,而该差异主要由耐碱酵母属导致。
High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the fungal diversity of Meitauza samples collected from Jianli city and Shishou county in Jingzhou area, Hubei province. The results showed that Ascomycota (57.77%), Basidiomycota (33.54%) and Mucormycota (8.00%) were the dominant fungal phyla in the Meitauza from Jingzhou, and the abundance of each fungal phylum in the samples from Jianli and Shishou was not significantly different (P>0.05). Fusarium (34.60%), Trichosporon (12.51%), Talaromyces (12.51%), Actinomucor (7.27%) and Cladosporium (1.55%) were the dominant fungal genera, and the abundance of Fusarium between the two regions was significantly different (P>0.01), with the average relative abundance of 56.74% and 12.45%, respectively. Ten OTUs were found to exist in all samples, of which OTU1366 and OTU963 were identified as Trichosporon and Fusarium, with average relative abundance of 27.50% and 29.08%, respectively. Through cluster analysis, principal component analysis and multivariate analysis of variance, it was found that there were significant differences in fungal community structure between the samples from two regions(P<0.05), and the difference of fungal groups within Shishou was greater than that of Jianli (P<0.05). By LEfSe analysis, it was found that Galactomyces was the group that caused the difference between two regions and its relative abundance in the samples of Jianli and Shishou was 1.46% and 0.62%, respectively. Thus, although there are a large number of core groups, there are significant differences in fungal community structure of Meitauza produced in different counties and cities in Jingzhou area, and the difference is mainly caused by Galactomyces.
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