为探索三七茎叶-滇黄精复合产品的开发工艺,该研究分析了三七茎叶-滇黄精速溶粉中可溶性总糖、皂苷、多酚化合物的组成及含量,并测定其抗氧化活性。以单因素-响应面实验考察三七茎叶-滇黄精在乙醇添加量、料液比(g∶mL)、浸提时间3种变量条件下的最佳浸提条件,进一步以喷雾干燥的方法获取三七茎叶-滇黄精速溶粉,以蒽酮比色法测定速溶粉中可溶性总糖的含量,高效液相色谱法测定速溶粉中皂苷、多酚含量,进一步测定其抗氧化活性,并进行感官审评。喷雾干燥优化出三七茎叶与滇黄精的最佳质量比为6∶4,最佳浸提工艺为三七茎叶-滇黄精的料液比(g∶mL)为1∶21,29%(体积分数)乙醇,浸提37 h,重复浸提2次,每1 kg复合物可得到速溶粉374.23 g,得粉率37.42%,该速溶粉溶解性好,香甜回甘。速溶粉中可溶性总糖含量为(55.44±3.21) mg/g,活性成分以三七皂苷Fa、Fd、Fc、人参皂苷Rb1等7种皂苷及咖啡酸(caffeic acid, CA)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin-3-gallate, ECG)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocahechin-3-gallate, EGCG)等5种酚类化合物为主。抗氧化活性结果表明,三七茎叶-滇黄精速溶粉对ABTS阳离子自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基具有较好的清除能力,其IC50值分别为0.30、0.63、0.49、1.67 mg/mL。该研究优化了三七茎叶-滇黄精浸提工艺,所得速溶粉富含皂苷、多酚、可溶性糖等成分,为三七茎叶和滇黄精在食品开发领域提供基础研究数据,为云南特色食品及药食同源产品的开发利用提供科学支撑。
To explore the development process of stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng-Polygonatum kingianum composite product, the composition and content of soluble total sugar, saponins, and polyphenols of stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng-Polygonatum kingianum instant powder were analyzed, and its antioxidant activity was determined. A single factor-response surface experiment was conducted to investigate the optimum extraction conditions including ethanol concentration (%), solid-liquid ratio (g∶mL), and extraction time (h) of stems and leaves Panax notoginseng-Polygonatum kingianum. Further, instant powder of stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng-Polygonatum kingianum was obtained by spray drying technology. The total soluble sugar, saponins, and polyphenol contents in the instant powder were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry or high-performance liquid chromatography, then the antioxidant activity was determined and sensory evaluation was carried out. The optimal mass ratio of stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng to Polygonatum kingianum by spray drying was 6∶4. Extraction process was as follows: 374.23 g instant powder could be obtained from 1 kg stems and leave of Panax notoginseng-Polygonatum kingianum which extracted by 29% (volume fraction) ethanol with 1∶21 ofsolid-liquid ratios (g∶mL) for 37 h, repeated twice again. The acquisition rates of instant powder were 37.42% with good solubility and sweety within fragrant. The total soluble sugar contents in the instant powder were (55.44±3.21) mg/g. The active components were mainly seven saponins, such as notoginsenoside Fa, Fd, Fc, and ginsenoside Rb1 and five phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid (CA), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and epigallocahechin-3-gallate (EGCG). It was shown that the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng-Polygonatum kingianum instant powder had good scavenging capacity for ABTS cationic radicals, DPPH free radicals, superoxide anions, and hydroxyl radicals, and the IC50 values were 0.30, 0.63, 0.49, and 1.67 mg/mL, respectively. The extraction process model of stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng-Polygonatum kingianum was optimized, and the instant powder was rich and full of saponins, polyphenols, and soluble sugar. This experiment provided basic research for the stem and leaves of Panax notoginseng and Polygonatum kingianum in the food development field, andprovide scientific support to the development and utilization of characteristic food or drug-food homologous products of Yunnan province.
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