针对外卖快餐用聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)淋膜纸中2种主要增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(diethyl phthalate,DEP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP),探究其在不同温度、微波功率、随机振动等级工况条件下通过包装材料向酸性食品模拟液的迁移行为,并研究其迁移规律。将PE淋膜纸迁移实验样品经超声萃取结合涡旋法进行前处理,利用GC-MS测定不同工况条件下2种增塑剂的迁移率并进行对比分析,将迁移率实验数据采用Crank模型进行计算拟合。结果表明,2种增塑剂的迁移率随着温度、微波功率和加速度水平的升高而增加,在该实验所选工况条件下,由微波功率、温度和随机振动水平导致2种增塑剂向酸性模拟物中的迁移率分别上升20%、10%和5%。温度和微波功率对PE淋膜纸中增塑剂DEP和DBP的影响规律均符合Crank模型,随着工况条件水平严苛程度的提高,扩散系数相应增大。基于Crank模型对随机振动等级条件的实验数据,新建了拟合效果良好的数学公式模型。
This study aimed to investigate the migration behavior and migration rule of two major plasticizers, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), from polyethylene (PE) coated paper for take-out fast food to acidic food simulants under different working conditions of temperature, microwave power, and random vibration levels. The experimental samples of PE coated paper were pretreated by ultrasonic extraction combined with the vortex method. GC-MS was used to measure the migration rates of the two plasticizers under various working conditions, and comparative analysis of the results was conducted, and the migration experimental data were fitted by the Crank model. Results showed that the mobilities of the two plasticizers increased with the increase in temperature, microwave power, and acceleration level. Under the selected working conditions, the mobilities of two plasticizers from PE-coated paper into acid simulants caused by microwave power, temperature, and random vibration level increased by 20%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. The effects of temperature and microwave power on plasticizer DEP and DBP in PE-coated paper were in accordance with the Crank model, and the diffusion coefficient D increased with the increase of the severity of the working condition level. Based on the experimental data of the Crank model for the random vibration level conditions, a new mathematical formula model with a good fitting effect was built.
[1] 上海发布全国首个外卖送餐盒系列团体标准[J].轻工标准与质量, 2018(4):8.
Shanghai releases the country’s first group standard for food delivery boxes[J].Standard ＆ Quality of Light Industry, 2018(4):8.
[2] FUNK M, SCHLETTWEIN D, LEIST U.Migration characteristics under Long-term storage and a combination of UV and heat exposure of poly(amide)/poly(ethylene) composite films for food packaging[J].Packaging Technology and Science, 2016, 29:289-302.
[3] REINAS I, OLIVEIRA J, PEREIRA J, et al.Migration of two antioxidants from packaging into a solid food and into Tenax®[J].Food Control, 2012, 28(2):333-337.
[4] ARVANITOYANNIS I S, KOTSANOPOULOS K V.Migration phenomenon in food packaging.food-package interactions, mechanisms, types of migrants, testing and relative legislation:A review[J].Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2014, 7(1):21-36.
[5] 韩博. 食品包装纸中有害物的迁移行为与模型[D].天津:天津大学, 2016.
HAN B.Migration of harmful substances from paper food packages:Experimental studies and model application[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University, 2016.
[6] YUAN H, HAO Q, SU R X, et al.Migration of phthalates from polyvinyl chloride film to fatty food simulants:Experimental studies and model application[J].Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 2020, 15(2):135-143.
[7] WANG C, HUANG P, QIU C, et al.Occurrence, migration and health risk of phthalates in tap water, barreled water and bottled water in Tianjin, China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 408:124891.
[8] 吕晓敏, 蔡翔宇, 陈璐, 等.PET/LDPE复合膜中三种抗氧剂向脂性食品模拟物的迁移研究及扩散系数估算[J].食品与发酵工业, 2021, 47(18):46-53.
LYU X M, CAI X Y, CHEN L, et al.Migration of three antioxidants from PET/LDPE composite film to fatty food simulant and estimation of their diffusion coefficient[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2021, 47(18):46-53.
[9] KANG K, CHANG Y, CHOI J C, et al.Migration study of butylated hydroxytoluene and irganox 1010 from polypropylene treated with severe processing conditions[J].Journal of Food Science, 2018, 83(4):1 005-1 010.
[10] CRUZ R M S, RICO B P M, VIEIRA M C.9-Food Packaging and Migration[M].Freising:Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, 2019.
[11] 郝晓秀, 周云令, 付春英, 等.包装用淋膜纸的研究进展[C].中国造纸学会第十八届学术年会.中国广西南宁, 2018.
HAO X X, ZHOU Y L, FU C Y, et al.Research progress and application of filmed paper[C].The 18th Annual Academic Conference of China Paper Society.Nanning:China Technical Association of Paper Industry, 2018.
[12] WANG X H, XU M T, YANG A Q, et al.Health risks of population exposure to phthalic acid esters through the use of plastic containers for takeaway food in China[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 785:147347.
[13] DUAN C H, FANG Y J, SUN J R, et al.Effects of fast food packaging plasticizers and their metabolites on steroid hormone synthesis in H295R cells[J].The Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 726:138500.
[14] HUANG L, LOU C Y, CHEN N, et al.Simultaneous determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and five photoinitiators in food contact materials using ultrasonic-assisted extraction combined with supercritical fluid chromatography[J].Analytical Methods, 2020, 12(13):1 720-1 727.
[15] CAI H M, JI S L, ZHANG J Z, et al.Migration kinetics of four photo-initiators from paper food packaging to solid food simulants[J].Food Additives & Contaminants.Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2017, 34(9):1 632-1 642.
[16] ANDERSON W A C, CASTLE L.Benzophenone in cartonboard packaging materials and the factors that influence its migration into food[J].Food Additives and Contaminants, 2003, 20(6):607-618.
[17] BARTON G.The mathematics of diffusion 2nd edn[J].Physics Bulletin, 1975, 26(11):500-501.
[18] 张明, 林勤保, 单利君, 等.石墨烯/低密度聚乙烯复合包装膜中2种抗氧化剂向食品模拟物异辛烷的迁移[J].食品科学, 2017, 38(20):209-214.
ZHANG M, LIN Q B, SHAN L J, et al.Migration of two antioxidants from graphene/low density polyethylene composite food packaging films to the food simulant isooctane[J].Food Science, 2017, 38(20):209-214.
[19] 王志伟, 黄秀玲, 胡长鹰.多类型食品包装材料的迁移研究[J].包装工程, 2008, 29(10):1-7.
WANG Z W, HUANG X L, HU C Y.Study on migration of different type food contact materials[J].Packaging Engineering, 2008, 29(10):1-7.
[20] JI S L, ZHANG J Z, TAO G S, et al.Influence of heating source on the migration of photoinitiators from packaging materials into Tenax® and popcorn[J].Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 2019, 21:100340.
[21] FEIGENBAUM A E, BOUQUANT J, DUCRUET V J, et al.Guidelines of the Commission of the European Communities:A challenge for the control of packaging[J].Food Additives and Contaminants, 1994, 11(2):141-154.
[22] 王楠, 胡长鹰, 李丹, 等.微波条件下二苯甲酮与1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮从微波纸向Tenax中的迁移规律[J].食品科学, 2013, 34(3):41-45.
WANG N, HU C Y, LI D, et al.Migration of benzophenone and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone from microwave paper to tenax under microwave heating[J].Food Science, 2013, 34(3):41-45.
[23] CHANG Y, KANG K, PARK S J, et al.Experimental and theoretical study of polypropylene:Antioxidant migration with different food simulants and temperatures[J].Journal of Food Engineering, 2019, 244:142-149.
