鱼腥草是药食两用的植物资源,且营养价值高,为阐明鱼腥草水提物不同萃取组分的抗氧化、抗糖尿病活性及主要化学组成,该研究比较了鱼腥草水提物及其萃取组分的总酚含量、总黄酮含量、总糖含量和总蛋白含量,抗氧化能力、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力和抗糖基化能力,并用质谱技术测定高活性的化学成分。结果表明,鱼腥草水提物的乙酸乙酯萃取组分(ethyl acetate fraction,EAF)含有最高的总酚含量(440.3 mg GAE/g)、总黄酮含量(103.57 mg QUE/g)和总蛋白含量(2.45 mg BSA/g),但总糖含量(11.32 mg Glu/g)最低。EAF同时具有最高的DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制能力,IC50值分别为71.67、50.00和232.63 μg/mL,其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力是阿卡波糖的3.15倍,鱼腥草水提物的正丁醇萃取组分(n-butanol fraction,nBuF)次之。EAF也具有最强的晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)形成抑制能力,当质量浓度为4.0 mg/mL时,其抑制率超过70%,其次为nBuF。皮尔森相关性分析表明,多酚是鱼腥草中的主要抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性成分。采用高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱技术在EAF和nBuF中共鉴定出40个化合物,酚酸、槲皮素糖苷和山奈酚糖苷是其主要活性成分。因此,鱼腥草在抗氧化和预防糖尿病及其并发症方面有很大的开发潜力,具有进一步研究其体内抗氧化及抗糖尿病作用的价值。
Houttuynia cordata is a food and medicinal plant with high nutritive value. To explore the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity, and major phytochemical composition of H. cordata water extract, the total content of phenolics, flavonoids, sugar, and protein of H. cordata extracts and its fraction, along with its antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and anti-glycation ability were evaluated, and the chemical compositions of high bioactivity were identified by mass spectrometry technology. Results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of H. cordata water extract (EAF) had the highest total phenolics (440.3 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (103.57 mg QUE/g), and total proteins (2.45 mg BSA/g) content, but it displayed the lowest total sugar content (11.32 mg Glu/g). Simultaneously, the EAF also showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory, ABTS cationic radical scavenging ability, and DPPH radical scavenging ability with IC50 values of 232.63 μg/mL, 50.00 μg/mL, and 71.67 μg/mL, respectively. The α-glucosidase inhibition activity of EAF was 3.15 times higher than acarbose, followed by the n-butanol fraction of H. cordata water extract (nBuF). When the mass concentration of EAF was 4.0 mg/mL, the percentage inhibition of EAF on AGEs information was over 70%, the nBuF came second. Pearson correlation analysis implied that phenolics were the major compounds with excellent antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities. A total of 40 compounds were identified from EAF and nBuF by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Phenolic acid, quercetin glycoside, and kaempferol glycoside were the main active components. Therefore, H. cordata has great application potential in the antioxidation and prevention of diabetes and its complications and has the value of a further study on antioxidant and anti-diabetes effects in vivo.
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