In this research, the content of capsaicinoids, chromatic aberration value, peroxide value, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in chili oil prepared from 5 different varieties of chili (Capsicum frutescens var. breviconoideum Haz, Longji chili, Capsicum frutescens L. var. shuanlaense, Qixing chili, and Trunk chili) were investigated. Combined with multivariate statistical analysis, the markers of chili oil samples were explored. Results showed that the capsaicin content, hotness, brightness, and yellowness of PZ3 were the highest, and the peroxide value was the lowest, which was a significant difference from the rest of the samples (P<0.05). A total of 73 VOCs were separated and identified by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS, including aldehydes, esters, ketones, alcohols, heterocycles, carboxylic acids, and thioethers, corresponding to 19, 18, 12, 12, 6, 4, and 2 respectively. The results of the principal component analysis were consistent with GC-IMS two-dimensional qualitative topographic difference plots and fingerprint spectra, that, PZ3 had the most unique flavor, followed by PZ5 and PZ4, and the flavors of PZ1 and PZ2 were very close. The results of the partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that the characteristic aroma substances of PZ3 were mainly esters, including hexyl 2-methylbutyrate-D, hexyl isobutyrate, isoamyl hexanoate, hexyl butyrate-D, etc. Through variable importance in projection analysis, 26 marker differences of 5 kinds of chili oil were screened out, including ethyl acetate, hexyl 2-methylbutyrate, diethyl acetal, acetic acid-D, hexanal-D, dimethyl sulfide, 3-methylbutanal, dihydro-2(3H)-furanone, 1-hydroxy-2-acetone-D, acetone, butanoic acid-M, et al. Among the above-mentioned compounds, hexyl 2-methylbutyrate, hexyl butyrate-M, furfuryl alcohol-M, isoamyl hexanoate-M, acetic acid-D, 3-methylbutanal, and pentanal-D had larger load values in the first main component, while ethyl propanoate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl acetate, butanal, and diethyl acetal had larger loads values in the second main component.
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