该研究基于MiSeq高通量测序技术对兰陵地区高温大曲的真菌类群结构进行了解析,采用电子鼻技术对其风味品质进行了评价,并探究了真菌属与风味评价指标之间的相关性。基于加权UniFrac距离分析显示,15份高温大曲被分为2个聚类。α多样性分析显示,较之聚类II,聚类I真菌类群的丰富度和多样性极显著偏低(P<0.001)。属水平上,聚类I高温大曲中Thermomyces(嗜热真菌属)丰度极显著偏高(P<0.001),Aspergillus(曲霉属)丰度极显著偏低(P<0.001),平均相对含量分别为96.44%和1.47%,而在聚类II高温大曲中分别为46.60%和37.89%,且兰陵高温大曲中Thermomyces与Aspergillus之间呈现极显著负相关性(P<0.001)。电子鼻分析结果表明,较之聚类II,聚类I高温大曲中有机硫化物显著偏低(P<0.05)。多元统计学分析发现,聚类I高温大曲中Thermomyces丰度较高且芳香类物质含量丰富。由此表明,Thermomyces对高温大曲风味品质形成可能具有积极作用。
In this study, the structure of fungal taxa of high-temperature Daqu in Lanling area was analyzed based on MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, its flavor quality was evaluated by electronic nose technology, and the correlation between the fungi and flavor evaluation indicators was explored. Based on the weighted UniFrac distance analysis, 15 high-temperature Daqu were divided into two clusters. α-Diversity analysis showed that the richness and diversity of cluster I fungal groups were significantly lower (P<0.001). At the genus level, compared with cluster II, the abundance of Thermomyces in cluster I high-temperature Daqu was significantly higher (P<0.001), and the abundance of Aspergillus was significantly lower (P<0.001), with the average relative content of 96.44% and 1.47%, respectively, while in cluster II high-temperature Daqu was 46.60% and 37.89%, respectively, and there was a significant negative correlation between Thermomyces and Aspergillus in Lanling high-temperature Daqu (P<0.001). The results of electronic nose analysis showed that the organic sulfide content in cluster I high-temperature Daqu was significantly lower than that in cluster II (P<0.05). Multivariate statistical analysis found that cluster I high-temperature Daqu has high abundance of Thermomyces and rich content of aromatic substances. Thus, Thermomyces has a positive effect on the flavor quality of high-temperature Daqu.
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