窖泥的质量和窖龄密切相关,且显著影响基酒的品质和产率。窖泥中功能菌群的形成是一个非常缓慢的过程,因此缩短优质人工窖泥(artificial pit mud, APM)的生产周期迫在眉睫。挖掘优良窖泥功能菌群资源,优化窖泥培养工艺是攻克发展障碍的关键。研究了太空(taikong, TK)大曲对窖泥群落结构的影响特点,确定了百年窖龄泥是人工窖泥功能菌群的强化源。TK大曲驯化生产APM及发酵后窖泥(pit mud, PM)显著改善了窖泥群落结构及挥发性代谢组分,提高了细菌群落的α-多样性。浓香型白酒酿造功能菌梭状芽孢杆菌(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12)和古菌,尤其是甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcinales)的丰度显著增高了2~4倍,其中己酸和己酸乙酯是关键代谢物。研究结果可为基于优质窖泥和大曲的人工窖泥培养技术开发提供理论与技术支撑。
The quality of pit mud is closely related to pit ages and affects the quality and yield of base liquor significantly.However, evolving functional microbiota inhabited in the pit mud is a very slow process, and is urgent to shorten the period of manufacturing high-quality artificial pit mud (APM).It is essential to overcome the key obstacles that exploring excellent resources of the pit mud functional microbiota and optimizing the culture process of pit mud.In the present research, it was investigated that the effects of the mutagenic Daqu by a cosmic ray (TK Daqu) on the microbial community structure in the APM.Results indicated that the mud that originated from the century-old pit was suitable for culturing functional microbiota to manufacture APM.When TK Daqu was used, the community structure, the abundance of functional bacteria, and the volatile metabolic components were improved significantly for APM and fermented pit mud (PM).The abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12 and archaea, especially Methanosarcinales, was significantly increased by 2-4 times, in which caproic acid and ethyl caproate were the key metabolites.These results established a theoretical foundation for evolving the functional microbiota in APM effectively.
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