保健食品是一类可声称功效且具有食用级安全性的特殊食品。由于我国经济发展和人口老龄化使得保健食品需求大幅增加,但管理制度尚不完善,存在夸大功效、虚假宣传、违规销售等问题。日本作为全球保健食品行业先行者,其保健食品评价、审批和管理机制多有与我国不同之处。该研究系统论述和对比了中日两国保健食品的定义、分类、审批流程、功能评价、标签管理和安全监管的差异和优势。研究结果发现,保健食品分类方面,日本分类更详细,功能及适用范围更丰富;审批流程方面,两国保健食品评价机构、结果认证、审批部门及审批模式等均存在差异,各有优势环节;功能评价方面,日本要求研究者将功效和安全性评价结果发表于高影响力期刊,有助于保障评价的科学性;安全监管方面,日本有更为完善的安全追溯系统。上述对比结果为我国保健食品管理模式改革提供了可借鉴的优势策略。
Health foods are a special type of food that can claim health benefits and have a level of food-grade safety.Due to the development of China’s economy and an aging population, there has been a significant increase in the need for health foods.However, the management system is still not perfect in China, and issues such as exaggerated efficacy, false advertising, and illegal sales exist.As a pioneer in the global health food industry, Japan has different evaluation, approval, and management mechanisms compared to China.This study aimed to systematically discuss and compare the differences and advantages between China and Japan in terms of the definition, classification, approval process, efficacy evaluation, label management, and safety supervision of health foods.The findings reveal that in terms of classification, Japan has a more detailed classification system, with a wider range of functions and applications.In terms of the approval process, there are differences in the evaluation institutions, result certifications, approval departments, and approval models between the two countries, each with its own advantages.In terms of efficacy evaluation, Japan requires researchers to publish the evaluation results of efficacy and safety in high-impact journals, which helps to ensure the scientific nature of the evaluation.In terms of safety supervision, Japan has a more comprehensive safety traceability system.The above comparative results provide advantageous strategies that can be used for the reform of China’s health food management model.
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