食品与发酵工业 >

2024 , Vol. 50 >Issue 13: 279 - 289

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.038513

分析与检测

市售“三棵菜”农药残留特征及风险评价

  • 汪雨龙 ,
  • 张科 ,
  • 高凤 ,
  • 谢敏 ,
  • 陈志良
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  • 1(浙江药科职业大学 药商学院,浙江 宁波,435500)
    2(杭正检测集团有限公司,浙江 杭州,310000)
第一作者:硕士,副教授(陈志良教授为通信作者,E-mail:9578801@qq.com)

收稿日期: 2024-01-08

  修回日期: 2024-04-03

  网络出版日期: 2024-08-02

基金资助

2023年度浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(23NDJC387YB);2019年度教育部人文社科青年项目(19YJC90155);2022年度浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202250031)

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Characteristics and dietary intake risk assessment of pesticide residues in commercial three vegetables

  • WANG Yulong ,
  • ZHANG Ke ,
  • GAO Feng ,
  • XIE Min ,
  • CHEN Zhiliang
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  • 1(College of Business and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo 435500, China)
    2(Hangzheng Testing Group Co.Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China)

Received date: 2024-01-08

  Revised date: 2024-04-03

  Online published: 2024-08-02

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摘要

为探讨市售韭菜、芹菜和豇豆(以下简称“三棵菜”)中的农药残留特征及由此产生的居民膳食摄入风险。从2019—2023年在浙江省11个城市随机抽取样品11 544份,对32种农药残留进行检测和分析,并采用食品安全指数法和危害物风险系数法对检出的农药开展风险评估。“三棵菜”中均检出禁限用农药,其中韭菜样品农药检出率57.75%,超标率9.04%;芹菜样品农药检出率49.84%,超标率2.07%;豇豆样品农药检出率60.27%,超标率16.74%。“三棵菜”的农药残留检出率和超标率之间均具有统计学意义,检出农药平均安全指数均小于1,风险处于可接受范围,但芹菜中甲拌磷、豇豆中氟虫腈、三唑磷、氧乐果残留风险超过了可接受限度。通过风险系数排序,韭菜中腐霉利为高度风险,毒死蜱、克百威和氯氟氰菊酯类为中度风险;芹菜中毒死蜱、甲拌磷和噻虫胺为中度风险;豇豆中甲基异柳磷、克百威、三唑磷、倍硫磷、甲维盐、灭蝇胺、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪为高度风险,啶虫脒、水胺硫磷、氧乐果和乙酰甲胺磷为中度风险,其他农药均为低度风险。宁波地区韭菜农药残留风险系数较高,杭州、绍兴、金华三地豇豆农药残留风险系数较高。本次监测市售“三棵菜”普遍存在农药残留污染,但引起的膳食暴露风险整体较低,风险从低到高的蔬菜分别为芹菜、韭菜和豇豆。

关键词： 蔬菜; 农药残留; 风险评估; 食品安全指数; 危害物风险系数

本文引用格式

汪雨龙 , 张科 , 高凤 , 谢敏 , 陈志良 . 市售“三棵菜”农药残留特征及风险评价[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2024 , 50(13) : 279 -289 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.038513

Abstract

In order to investigate the characteristics of pesticide residues in commercial leek, celery and cowpea (hereinafter referred to as three vegetables) and the dietary intake risk to the population, 32 kinds of pesticide in 11544 vegetable samples collected in various regions of Zhejiang province from 2019 to 2023 were analyzed.And then the cumulative acute dietary risk was preliminarily evaluated by using the food safety index method and hazard risk coefficient method.Testing results showed that banned and severely restricted pesticides were detected in all three kinds of vegetables.The detection rates of pesticide residues in leek, celery and cowpea samples were 57.75%, 49.84% and 60.27% respectively, while the exceeding rates of pesticide residues were 9.04%, 2.07% and 16.74% respectively.Moreover, the detection rate and exceeding rate were statistically significant among three vegetables.Meanwhile, the assessment results demonstrated that the overall food safety index of three vegetables was less than 1, indicating that the dietary exposure risk was within an acceptable range.But the risk of phorate in celery, as well as fipronil, triazophos and omethoate in cowpea exceeded the acceptable limit.According to the risk coefficients scores, there were 1 high-risk pesticide (procymidone) and 3 medium-risk pesticides (chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, cyhalothrin and lambda-cyhalothrin) in leek, 3 medium-risk pesticides (chlorpyrifos, phorate and clothianidin) in celery, and 8 high-risk pesticides (isofenphos-methyl, carbofuran, triazophos, fenthion, emamectin benzoate, cyromazine, clothianidin and thiamethoxam) and 4 medium-risk pesticides (acetamiprid, isocarbophos, omethoate and acephate) in cowpea.From the point of regional distribution, higher risk coefficient of pesticide residues in leeks was calculated in Ningbo, and that in cowpea in Hangzhou, Shaoxing and Jinhua was higher.In general, pesticide residues were common in three commercially available vegetables in Zhejiang province, but the overall dietary exposure risk level was low.For respectively, the risk ranking from low to high was celery, leek and cowpea.

Key words： vegetables; pesticide residues; risk assessment; food safety index; hazard risk coefficient

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