乙醛是对人体有毒的化合物,乙醛脱氢酶(acetaldehyde dehydrogenase,ALDH)能将乙醛氧化为无毒的乙酸,同时将NAD(P)+转化为NAD(P)H。目前检测乙醛的方法繁琐且耗时费力,该研究采用酿酒酵母孢子“微胶囊”表面展示热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)LBBE-W1来源的乙醛脱氢酶,建立一种新颖快速检测乙醛的方法。首先,基于蛋白质免疫印迹与荧光结果证实ALDH能够在孢子中表达且定位在孢子壁上。然后,测定了孢子表面展示ALDH与游离ALDH的酶学性质。结果显示,孢子表面展示ALDH和游离酶的最适温度与pH值分别为40 ℃和9.0;与游离酶相比,孢子表面展示ALDH具有更高的活性,以及更佳的温度与pH稳定性。此外,孢子表面展示ALDH对十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)、蛋白酶K具有更强的耐受性;孢子表面展示ALDH与游离乙醛脱氢酶的最适底物都是乙醛,并且孢子表面展示ALDH具有良好的重复使用性能。最后,将孢子表面展示ALDH作为生物传感器检测乙醛,结果表明在0~500 μmol/L的乙醛浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,其R2值为0.999 2。该研究成功构建一种新颖的生物传感器,为乙醛的检测提供一种新的方法。
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