该研究利用16S rRNA基因测序及代谢组学等技术探讨镇江香醋(Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar,VAR)对正常SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠肠道菌群及其代谢物的影响。与对照组相比,连续灌胃小鼠4周VAR后,小鼠体重明显增加,血清中高密度脂蛋白含量也显著升高。VAR显著增加了正常小鼠肠道菌群的α多样性,促进了潜在有益菌如Akkermansia、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136的丰度,抑制了Desulfovibrio的丰度。线性判别分析分析显示,VAR组的生物标志物为毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)、Muribaculaceae、颤螺旋菌科(Oscillospiraceae)及瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)。基于基因组内容的宏基因组功能预测(PICRUST2)显示VAR促进了柠檬酸循环、酪氨酸和谷胱甘肽代谢,抑制了细胞凋亡。粪便广泛代谢组学分析显示,抗坏血酸类和肾上腺素类物质、异亮氨酸和尿胆素等有利于维持机体正常生命活动的代谢产物在VAR组中含量明显增高。上述研究表明VAR具有一定调节肠道菌群及代谢的作用,可为其功能性食品的开发奠定理论基础。
To investigate the effects of Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (VAR) on gut microbiota and its metabolites of normal C57BL/6J mice, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics techniques.After continuous oral administration of VAR in mice for four weeks, we found that compared with the control group, the weight and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content of mice in the VAR group were significantly increased.VAR significantly increased the α diversity of gut microbiota, and promoted the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, while inhibiting Desulfovibrio.Linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe) revealed that the VAR group's biomarkers were Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidales, Muribaculaceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae.Functional prediction analysis with PICRUSt2 (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2) revealed that the bacterial community of VAR promoted citric acid cycle, tyrosine, and glutathione metabolism, and inhibited cell apoptosis.Extensive metabolomic analysis of stool showed that the content of metabolites such as ascorbic acid and adrenergic substances, isoleucine and urobilin, which are conducive to maintaining normal life activities, increased significantly in the VAR group.The results demonstrated that VAR could significantly modulate gut microbiota and metabolites, which laid a theoretical foundation for its functional food development.
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