黄原胶是性能最优越的生物胶之一,被大量应用于食品行业,具有巨大的市场增长潜力和发展前景。通过改性提升黄原胶产品的附加值,扩展其在食品领域的应用、增强食品的稳定性具有重要意义。该研究以高碘酸钠为氧化剂通过特异性氧化的方法制备具有抑菌性的双醛黄原胶,探索了氧化剂与黄原胶的摩尔比、氧化时间和温度等对醛基生成的影响,确定了黄原胶双醛化反应的最优条件;采用傅里叶红外光谱、X-射线衍射图谱、场发射电镜扫描等分析双醛黄原胶的分子结构和微观形貌;通过最小抑菌浓度、最小杀菌浓度的测定和抑菌圈实验测定了双醛黄原胶的抑菌效果。结果表明,黄原胶双醛化的最优反应条件为黄原胶与高碘酸钠摩尔比1∶1.75、反应时间3 h,反应温度45 ℃。双醛黄原胶的醛基含量最高为25.68%,分子质量为1.5×105 Da,双醛黄原胶的微观形貌呈现为团聚的颗粒,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为(11±0.5) mm和(9±0.5) mm。对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度分别为1.25 mg/mL、5 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度分别为5 mg/mL、10 mg/mL。建立了高碘酸钠氧化法特异化改性制备双醛黄原胶的工艺,表征分析发现双醛黄原胶分子质量较黄原胶有所降低,对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌均具有明显的抑菌性。
Xanthan gum is a biogum with excellent properties.It is widely used in the food industry and it has great potential for market growth and development.Modified xanthan gum can enhance the stability of food, expand the application of Xanthan gum in the food field, and have a higher market value than xanthan gum products.In this study, dialdehyde xanthan gum with bacteriostatic properties was prepared by specific oxidation using sodium periodate as an oxidizing agent.To determine the optimal conditions for the double aldolization reaction of xanthan gum, the effects of the molar ratio of oxidant to xanthan gum, oxidation time, and oxidation temperature on the generation of aldehyde groups were explored.The molecular structure of the dialdehyde xanthan gum was analyzed using Fourier infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns.The microscopic morphology of xanthan gum before and after modification was observed using field emission electron microscopy scanning.To test the bacteriostatic effect of dialdehyde xanthan gum, the minimum bacteriostatic concentration, the minimum bactericidal concentration, and the circle of inhibition experiments were tested.Results showed that the optimal reaction conditions for the dialdehyde xanthan gum were a 1∶1.75 molar ratio of xanthan gum to sodium periodate in 3 h at 45 ℃.The maximum aldehyde group content of dialdehyde xanthan gum is 25.68%, and the molecular weight was 1.5×105 Da..The microscopic morphology of dialdehyde xanthan gum showed agglomerated particles.The diameters of the inhibition circle of dialdehyde xanthan gum were (11±0.5) mm and (9±0.5) mm for E.coli and S.aureus, respectively.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of dialdehyde xanthan gum for E.coli were 1.25 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL, respectively.The MIC and MBC of dialdehyde xanthan gum for S.aureus were 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively.In this paper, the method of the preparation of dialdehyde xanthan gum by sodium periodate oxidized modification was established.Characterization analysis of dialdehyde xanthan gum showed that the molecular weight of dialdehyde xanthan gum was lower than that of xanthan gum.Dialdehyde xanthan gum had obvious bacteriostatic properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
[1] LI P Y, LI T, ZENG Y, et al.Biosynthesis of xanthan gum by Xanthomonas campestris LRELP-1 using kitchen waste as the sole substrate[J].Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016, 151:684-691.
[2] ZHANG C, ZHANG L Z, WAN K X, et al.Effects of enhanced starch-xanthan gum synergism on their physicochemical properties, functionalities, structural characteristics, and digestibility[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 241:124646.
[3] 吴君波, 王珂, 杨光, 等.改善吞咽功能食品增稠剂的研究[J].工业微生物, 2019, 49(3):38-45.
WU J B, WANG K, YANG G, et al.Food thickener for improving swallowing function[J].Industrial Microbiology, 2019, 49(3):38-45.
[4] WU Y, LIU Y L, JIA H P, et al.Effect of in situ biochemical modification on the synthesis, structure, and function of xanthan gum based bacterial cellulose generated from Tieguanyin oolong tea residue hydrolysate[J].Food Chemistry, 2024, 432:137133.
[5] HASSABO A, MOHAMED N, ABD EL-SALAM N, et al.Application of modified xanthan as thickener in the printing of natural and synthetic fabrics[J].Journal of Textiles, Coloration and Polymer Science, 2023, 20(1):41-56.
[6] LAN Y C, LAI L S.Pasting and rheological properties of water caltrop starch as affected by the addition of konjac glucomannan, guar gum and xanthan gum[J].Food Hydrocolloids, 2023, 136:108245.
[7] 熊晓兰, 郑媛媛.黄原胶的性质及其在医药领域的研究[J].化工管理, 2017(32):171-175.
XIONG X L, ZHENG Y Y.Properties of xanthan gum and its application in medicine[J].Chemical Engineering Management, 2017(32):171-175.
[8] JIANG H T, ZHANG W L, CHEN L Y, et al.Recent advances in guar gum-based films or coatings:Diverse property enhancement strategies and applications in foods[J].Food Hydrocolloids, 2023, 136:108278.
[9] BHAT I M, WANI S M, AHMAD MIR S, et al.Advances in xanthan gum production, modifications and its applications[J].Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2022, 42:102328.
[10] SAFDAR B, PANG Z H, LIU X Q, et al.Structural characterization, physicochemical and rheological characteristics of flaxseed gum in comparison with gum Arabic and xanthan gum[J].Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 2023, 17(3):2193-2203.
[11] SALEH H M, ANNUAR M S M, SIMARANI K.Ultrasound degradation of xanthan polymer in aqueous solution:Its scission mechanism and the effect of NaCl incorporation[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2017, 39:250-261.
[12] RASCHIP I E, DARIE-NITA R N, FIFERE N, et al.Correlation between mechanical and morphological properties of polyphenol-laden xanthan gum/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite cryogels[J].Gels, 2023, 9(4):281.
[13] SU L, JI W K, LAN W Z, et al.Chemical modification of xanthan gum to increase dissolution rate[J].Carbohydrate Polymers, 2003, 53(4):497-499.
[14] LI X K, WANG M Y, LIU Z L, et al.Alleviation of the plastic deformation of gel ink under strong stress through an esterification of xanthan gum reinforcing its double helix structure[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2024, 67:49-57.
[15] IVANOVSKA A, MILOŠEVIĆ M, LA-DAREVIĆ J, et al.A step towards tuning the jute fiber structure and properties by employing sodium periodate oxidation and coating with alginate[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 257:128668.
[16] 聂臻,姚占力, 牛自得, 等.油田注水用杀菌剂在我国的应用及发展[J].石油与天然气化工, 1999, 28(4):72.
NIE Z, YAO Z L, NIU Z D, et al.Bactericides for oil-field injection water uses and developments in our country[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas, 1999, 28(4):72.
[17] SANTOSHI KUMARI A, AYODHYA D, PRADEEP KUMAR D, et al.Xanthan gum mediated monowave synthesis of silver nanoparticles:Characterization, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant and catalytic studies[J].Results in Chemistry, 2023, 5:100930.
[18] PEREIRA J F, MARIM B M, SIMÕES B M, et al.Hydrogels based on gelatin, xanthan gum, and cellulose obtained by reactive extrusion and thermopressing processes[J].Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023, 53(8):942-953.
[19] 刘静鸿, 桂琴, 欧阳健明.海藻多糖中硫酸基含量对抑制草酸钙晶体形成和修复受损伤肾小管上皮细胞的影响[J].无机化学学报, 2023, 39(3):465-474.
LIU J H, GUI Q, OUYANG J M.Effect of seaweed polysaccharides with different sulfate group contents on crystal growth of calcium oxalate and on the repair of damaged renal epithelial cells[J].Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemidtry, 2023, 39(3):465-474.
[20] 石雪萍. 葱白多糖的分离纯化及分子量分布研究[J].中国调味品, 2013, 38(9):41-44.
SHI X P.Study on the separation, purification and molecular weight distribution of Allium schoenprasum L.polysaccharides[J].China Condiment, 2013, 38(9):41-44.
[21] KAAR W E, COOL L G, MERRIMAN M M, et al.The complete analysis of wood polysaccharides using HPLC[J].Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 1991, 11(4):447-463.
[22] 张凌会. 艾蒿多糖对肉仔鸡免疫和抗氧化功能的影响及其机理研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2021.
ZHANG L H.Study on the effects of Artemisia argyi polysaccharide on immune and antioxidant functions in broilers and the underlying mechanism[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.2021.
[23] XU Y B, ZI Y X, LEI J F, et al.pH-Responsive nanoparticles based on cholesterol/imidazole modified oxidized-starch for targeted anticancer drug delivery[J].Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020, 233:115858.
[24] ZHU M J, GE L M, LYU Y B, et al.Preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity of oxidized κ-carrageenan[J].Carbohydrate Polymers, 2017, 174:1051-1058.
[25] JADAV M, POOJA D, ADAMS D J, et al.Advances in xanthan gum-based systems for the delivery of therapeutic agents[J].Pharmaceutics, 2023, 15(2):402.
[26] LI D F, YE Y X, LI D R, et al.Biological properties of dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose crosslinked gelatin-PEG composite hydrogel fibers for wound dressings[J].Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016, 137:508-514.
