该研究考察鱼腥草挥发油(Houttuynia essential oil, HEO)对常见食源性致病菌大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)的抗菌活性,探讨其主要的活性成分及可能的作用机理。采用气相色谱-质谱技术,结合Kovats保留指数,从HEO中共鉴定了41种化学成分。HEO对E.coli有较好的体外抑制活性,最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC)分别为5.3 mg/mL和7.1 mg/ mL;相比对照组,亚抑菌浓度HEO暴露对E.coli生长有明显抑制作用。扫描电子显微镜和荧光光谱分析表明,不同浓度(0.1~1.0 MIC)HEO可导致菌体出现不同程度的萎缩、凹陷,甚至破裂,可改变细胞膜通透性,破坏细胞膜完整性,并显著降低胞内蛋白质、核酸及活性氧水平,且存在显著量效关系。通过整合网络分析和贪心算法的系统研究,发现芳樟醇、茴香脑、黄樟素、樟脑、桉叶油醇可能是HEO抗E.coli的主要活性成分,涉及的靶点包括PTGS2、CYP1A2、MAOB、PARP1、ACHE、AR、DRD2、IDO1、MAOA、TRPV1等。研究结果为鱼腥草资源的开发利用以及天然抗菌剂的研究提供了重要参考依据。
The antibacterial activity of Houttuynia essential oil (HEO) against Escherichia coli, a common food-borne pathogen, was investigated to explore its main active components and potential mechanism of action.Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with Kovats retention index, 41 chemical constituents were identified from HEO.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of HEO were determined as 5.3 mg/mL and 7.1 mg/mL, respectively.Exposure to the subinhibitory concentration of HEO exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of E.coli compared to the control group.Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence spectrum analysis revealed that varying concentrations (0.1-1.0 MIC) of HEO resulted in varying degrees of cellular atrophy, depression, and even membrane rupture while significantly reducing intracellular protein, nucleic acid, and reactive oxygen species levels by altering the permeability and integrity of the cell membrane.A significant dose-effect relationship was observed.By integrating network analysis and systematic research on greedy algorithms, it was discovered that linalool, cis-anethol, safrole, (+)-camphor, and cineole may serve as the primary active components responsible for the antibacterial effects against E.coli by targeting PTGS2, CYP1A2, MAOB, PARP1, ACHE, AR, DRD2, IDO1, MAOA, TRPV1, etc.The results provide valuable insights for the development and utilization of Houttuynia resources as well as research on natural antibacterial agents.
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