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膳食硝酸盐对人体健康的功能及安全性的研究进展

  • 黄莉 ,
  • 徐萍 ,
  • 赵莉 ,
  • 刘雪平 ,
  • 叶兴乾
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  • 1(临沂市农业科学院,山东 临沂,276012)
    2(浙江大学山东(临沂)现代农业研究院,山东 临沂,276034)
    3(黑龙江省质量监督检测研究院,黑龙江 哈尔滨,150023)
    4(浙江大学 生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江 杭州,310058)
第一作者:博士,研究员(叶兴乾教授为通信作者,E-mail:Psu@zju.edu.cn)

收稿日期: 2025-01-09

  修回日期: 2025-05-28

  网络出版日期: 2026-01-12

基金资助

山东省重点研发计划项目(2023TZXD025,2024TSGC0882)

Research progress on function and safety of dietary nitrates for human health

  • HUANG Li ,
  • XU Ping ,
  • ZHAO Li ,
  • LIU Xueping ,
  • YE Xingqian
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  • 1(Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi 276012, China)
    2(Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276034, China)
    3(The Academy of Quallty Supervision and Inspection in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150023, China)
    4(College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

Received date: 2025-01-09

  Revised date: 2025-05-28

  Online published: 2026-01-12

摘要

硝酸盐普遍存在于人类膳食资源中,主要来源于植物基和动物基食物,加工过程对其含量影响显著。因其反应产物和代谢物可能对人体健康有害而使消费者更关注其安全性而忽略了其生物功能。摄入的硝酸盐广泛地分布于人体的各组织中,并通过硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐-一氧化氮途径发挥生物学功能,包括改善心血管功能、胃黏膜血流量、认知功能与大脑健康、提高肌肉功能及运动能力等。该文还从致癌性、甲状腺功能和高铁血红蛋白血症3个方面探讨了膳食硝酸盐的安全性,以期膳食硝酸盐的功能与安全性能被正确认识并合理利用,为开发富含硝酸盐的功能性食品提供理论指导。

本文引用格式

黄莉 , 徐萍 , 赵莉 , 刘雪平 , 叶兴乾 . 膳食硝酸盐对人体健康的功能及安全性的研究进展[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2025 , 51(24) : 409 -415 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.042051

Abstract

Nitrates are commonly found in human diets and occur naturally in both plant- and animal-based foods;however, their concentrations in these foods are significantly influenced by processing methods.Nitrates have often been perceived as harmful due to their reaction products and metabolites, leading consumers to prioritize safety concerns while overlooking their biological functions.After consumption, absorbed nitrates are widely distributed throughout the human body, where they may perform physiological functions via the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway.This pathway has been associated with improvements in cardiovascular health, gastric mucosal blood flow, cognitive function, brain health, muscle function, and exercise capacity.Furthermore, the safety of dietary nitrates has been examined from three perspectives:the health risks of carcinogenicity, methemoglobinemia, and effects on thyroid function.Therefore, it is essential to accurately understand and rationally utilize the functions and safety of nitrates, providing theoretical guidance and reference for the development of functional foods rich in nitrates.

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