被孢霉(Mortierella)广泛存在于自然界中,可以产生大量的功能性油脂和多不饱和脂肪酸,具有较高的经济价值。为了深入挖掘干旱荒漠地区Mortierella资源,对托克逊干旱地区进行土壤样品采集,采用梯度稀释法分离纯化Mortierella菌株,利用ITS基因序列比对初步明确菌株的分类定位并进一步测定菌株的抗逆、产酶及产油特性。实验共分离获得3株Mortierella,经ITS基因序列比对归属于Mortierella属的2个种,菌株2-1-4和10-1-F1与最为邻近的模式菌株Mortierella antarctica CBS 609.70T同源性为94.69%,菌株3-2与Mortierella globalpina KUMCC 20-0009T的同源性为95.87%。相似度＜99%,初步确定为Mortierella属的潜在新种。3株菌均可在4~35 ℃生长,具有较好的耐盐碱性,并可以产生淀粉酶和脂肪酶。菌株脂肪酸含量及成分分析发现,不同培养基对菌株产油量具有显著影响。利用产油培养基发酵,菌株2-1-4产油量最高,可达1.33 g/L。该菌油脂主要以软脂酸、花生四烯酸和油酸为主,分别占总油脂的17.71%、9.94%和32.58%。该研究获得3株Mortierella菌株潜在新种,具有较强的抗逆特性和产油潜力,为进一步挖掘和利用相关Mortierella资源提供了研究基础和科学依据。
Mortierella spp.widely distributed in nature, are capable of producing substantial quantities of functional oils and polyunsaturated fatty acid with significant economic value.To explore the Mortierella resources in arid desert ecosystems, soil samples were collected from the Toksun arid region.The Mortierella strains were isolated and purified using the gradient dilution method.The ITS gene sequence alignment was employed to preliminarily determine the taxonomic classification of the strains, and further assessments were conducted to evaluate their stress resistance, enzyme production, and oil-producing characteristics.Three strains in Mortierella were successfully isolated and classified into two species based on ITS gene sequence analysis.Strains 2-1-4 and 10-1-F1 exhibited 94.69% similarity with Mortierella antarctica CBS 609.70T, and strain 3-2 showed 95.87% similarity with Mortierella globalpina KUMCC 20-0009T, suggesting their potential as novel species.All three strains demonstrated broad temperature adaptability (4-35 ℃), significant salt-alkali tolerance, and amylase/lipase production capabilities. Analysis of fatty acid content and composition revealed that different culture media significantly affect the oil production of the strains.Using oil-producing medium for fermentation, strain 2-1-4 achieved the highest oil yield of 1.33 g/L.The lipids of this strain were mainly composed of palmitic acid, arachidonic acid, and oleic acid, accounting for 17.71%, 9.94%, and 32.58% of the total lipids, respectively.This study identified three potential new species of Mortierella strains, which exhibited strong stress resistance and oil-producing potential, providing a research foundation and scientific basis for further exploration and utilization of related Mortierella resources.
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