Latilactobacillus sakei, a versatile lactic acid bacterium, is widely distributed in various ecological niches, including fermented foods, plants and animals, and holds significant industrial importance.This study conducted comparative genomic analyses of seven newly sequenced L.sakei isolates and 98 genome sequences downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database.The average genome size of these strains was (1.98±0.07) Mb, with an average GC content of (41.05±0.12)% and the numberof coding sequences was 1 961±80.Analysis revealed that L.sakei possesses a closed pangenome, indicative of considerable adaptability and ecological plasticity.105 L.sakei strains were divided into three distinct clades:CladeⅠ, CladeⅡ, and CladeⅢ.Strains from fermented foods (46.94%) tended to cluster in CladeⅡ, while strains from plants (35.19%) showed a clustering trend in CladeⅢ.Plant isolates exhibited significantly higher genes numbers of plant-specific glycosyl hydrolases (e.g.GH32 and GH91;P<0.05), conferring superior adaptability to high-starch and sucrose-rich environments.Additionally, CRISPR/Cas systems, predominantly of type IIA, were identified in 31 of the 105 strains, occurring with a higher frequency in isolates from animal and food fermentation sources (84%) than in those from plants (3%), dairy (3%), and other environments (10%), highlighting niche-specific adaptive traits.This study provides important findings on the genomic plasticity and adaptive strategies of L.sakei, offering data support for the research on its deeper habitat adaptation evolution.
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