甜菜红素(betanin,BT)是一种天然水溶性紫红色食用色素,具有优异的着色性能;但在环境胁迫条件下(包括光、热、pH、金属离子和氧化剂等)稳定性差,限制了其实际应用。该文以乳清蛋白(whey protein,WP)为载体,制备了BT-WP复合物,研究了BT与WP的相互作用,评估了不同温度、pH值、金属离子、H2O2浓度、光照处理下WP对BT稳定性的影响,并探究了复合物的抗氧化性。结果表明,BT与WP主要以范德华力和氢键结合,结合过程为放热过程,298 K时的结合常数Ka为(3.320±0.169)×103 L/mol。与BT结合后,喷干WP粒径减小,表面褶皱程度降低。就BT-2.5和BT-WP-2.5复合物而言,在95 ℃下处理80 min后,BT保留率从游离态的(11.21±0.44)%提高至复合物中的(47.93±0.82)%;在pH 13处理120 min后,BT的保留率从(10.37±0.21)%提高至(26.16±0.26)%;在0.5 mg/mL Cu2+条件下处理120 min后,BT的保留率从(38.97±0.55)%提高至(64.79±0.26)%;在2%(体积分数)H2O2条件下处理48 h后,BT的保留率从(38.77±0.77)%提高至(60.49±0.77)%;在25 W光源处理48 h后,BT的保留率从(58.19±0.97)%提高至(92.27±0.69)%。此外,经WP负载后,BT的DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除力及还原力显著提高,呈现出协同抗氧化作用。综上,WP可作为一种天然载体用于BT负载,以改善BT的稳定性,拓宽其应用范围。研究结果可为WP在天然色素递送中的应用提供参考依据。
Betanin (BT) is a natural water-soluble purple-red pigment with excellent coloring properties.However, it has poor stability under environmental stress conditions (including light, heat, pH, metal ions, oxidants, etc.), which limits its practical application.In this paper, a BT-WP complex was prepared using whey protein (WP) as the matrix.The interaction between BT and WP was studied.The effects of WP on the stability of BT under different temperatures, pH, metal ions, H2O2 concentrations, and light treatments were evaluated, and the antioxidant property of the complex was explored.Results showed that BT and WP were mainly combined by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds, and the combination process was exothermic.The combination constant of Ka for BT-WP at 298 K was (3.320±0.169)×103 L/mol.After combining with BT, the particle size of the spray-dried WP decreased, as well as the degree of surface wrinkling.Comparing BT-2.5 with BT-WP-2.5 complexes, the retention rate of BT increased from (11.21±0.44)% in BT-2.5 to (47.93±0.82)% in BT-WP-2.5 complex after treatment at 95 ℃ for 80 min.After treatment at pH 13 for 120 minutes, the retention rate of BT increased from (10.37±0.21)% in BT-2.5 to (26.16±0.26)% in BT-WP-2.5 complex.After treatment at 0.5 mg/mL Cu2+ for 120 min, the retention rate of BT increased from (38.97±0.55)% in BT-2.5 to (64.79±0.26)% in BT-WP-2.5 complex.The retention rate of BT increased from (38.77±0.77)% in BT-2.5 to (60.49±0.77)% in BT-WP-2.5 complex after treatment under 2% (volume fraction) H2O2 for 48 hours.After treatment with a 25 W light for 48 hours, the retention rate of BT increased from (58.19±0.97)% in BT-2.5 to (92.27±0.69)% in BT-WP-2.5 complex.In addition, the scavenging activities of DPPH free radicals, ABTS cationic radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anion free radicals and the reducing power of BT were significantly enhanced after being loaded by WP, demonstrating a synergistic antioxidant effect.Therefore, WP could be used as a natural carrier for BT to improve its stability and broaden its application field.The results could provide a basic reference for the application of WP in natural pigment delivery.
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