为得到一种经济有效、同步快速提取青钱柳多糖和黄酮的方法,最大程度提高多糖和黄酮的提取率及原料的利用率,采用微生物发酵技术对青钱柳多糖和黄酮进行同步提取,并通过单因素及正交试验对多糖和黄酮的同步提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,将青钱柳叶与水以1∶20(g∶mL)的料液比混匀,添加质量分数为0.4%的纤维素酶-半纤维素酶复合酶进行酶解,再按照5.0%接种量接入菌种比为1∶2的黑曲霉与枯草芽孢杆菌混合种子液,于160 r/min、30 ℃发酵2 d,最终青钱柳多糖的提取率达7.57%,较优化前(提取率为5.03%)提高了50.50%,黄酮的提取率达6.98%,较优化前(提取率为4.67%)提高了49.46%。故采用微生物发酵技术可大大提高青钱柳多糖和黄酮的提取率及原料的利用率,为后续开发青钱柳功能性产品提供理论基础。
This study aimed to obtain an economical, effective and rapid method to synchronously extract Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides and flavonoids to improve the extraction rate and utilization rate of raw materials to the greatest extent. Microbial fermentation technology was used to extract Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides and flavonoids, and the process was optimized by single factor and orthogonal tests. The results showed the optimal extraction process was as follows: mixed Cyclocarya paliurus leave and water in a solid to liquid ratio of 1∶20, added 0.4% (w/w) cellulase and hemicellulase composite enzyme, followed by inoculating 5.0% seed liquid that consisted of Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis in a ratio of 1∶2, and fermented at 160 r/min and 30 ℃ for 2 d. Under this condition, the yield of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides was 7.57%, which was 50.50% higher than that before optimization. Moreover, the yield of flavonoids was 6.98%, which increased by 49.46% in comparison to the control. Therefore, microbial fermentation technology can greatly improve Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides and flavonoids extraction yields, which provides a theoretical basis for developing Cyclocarya paliurus functional products.
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