为了解稻田鳖、温室鳖和野生鳖肌肉的营养品质和挥发性风味物质差异,对三者肌肉的基本营养、氨基酸、矿物质、脂肪酸以及挥发性风味物质进行了测定。结果表明,野生鳖的水分含量显著偏低,但粗脂肪和灰分含量显著偏高(P<0.05),稻田鳖的粗蛋白含量与野生鳖接近,且均显著高于温室鳖(P<0.05)。相对于温室鳖而言,野生鳖和稻田鳖不但挥发性风味较好,而且矿物质含量丰富,Na、Ca、Cu、Zn、Fe、Se含量高。在检测到的17种氨基酸中,野生鳖和稻田鳖肌肉中鲜味氨基酸及药用氨基酸含量接近,且均高于温室鳖,但温室鳖肌肉脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸(unsaturated fatty acid,UFA)含量较高(69.21 g/100 g)。综上所述,除脂肪酸外,野生鳖和稻田鳖的营养品质和挥发性风味接近,且均优于温室鳖。该研究可为中华鳖稻田养殖业的进一步发展提供数据支撑。
To understand the differences of nutritional quality and volatile flavor constituents in the muscle of rice-field turtle, greenhouse turtle and wild turtle, the proximate nutrients, amino acids, minerals, fatty acids and volatile flavor constituents were determined. The results showed that the moisture content in the muscle of wild turtle was significantly lower (P<0.05), while the crude fat and ash content was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other two. The muscle of rice-field turtle and wild turtle had similar crude protein content and both of them were significantly higher than greenhouse turtle (P<0.05). Compared to greenhouse turtle, the muscle of rice-field turtle and wild turtle had better volatile flavor and higher mineral contents, especially Na, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe and Se. Among all the 17 amino acids detected, the content of umami amino acid and medicinal amino acid in rice-field turtle muscle was very similar to that in wild turtle muscle and both of them were higher than that in greenhouse turtle muscle. However, the content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in the fat of greenhouse turtle muscle (69.21 g/100g) was higher than that in rice-field turtle and wild turtle. In summary, the nutritional quality and volatile flavor of rice-field turtle and wild turtle were similar to each other and better than those of greenhouse turtle. This research can provide supporting data for the further development of rice-field turtle aquaculture.
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