25 September 2012, Volume 38 Issue 09
    

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    Food and Fermentation Industries
  • Yu Pei-bin, , Chen Liang-liang, Zhang Bo, Li Guo-Long, Xie Guang-fa, Cai Guo-lin, Lu Jian,
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.033
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    Fungi isolated in the laboratory were used as original strains.Through screening with different plates and rescreening with wheat Qu-making,strains GC3 and ZW12 were obtained as the functional microbes to improve the quality of wheat Qu.They were identified as Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus oryzae by molecular biological methods.Mixed inoculation experiments were conducted using the activities of glucoamylase,α-amylase and acidic protease as evaluating indexes,and Aspergillus oryzae strains Su-16 and ZW12 were selected to make cooked wheat Qu at a ratio of 1∶ 2.Culture conditions were then optimized by response surface analysis.Results showed that when inoculation amount was 2.75mL every 50 grams of raw materials,water content of raw material was 81.01%,and incubation time was 47.21h,the activities of glucoamylase,α-amylase and acidic protease were 3.5%,77.3%,and 59.7% higher than those of the traditional cooked wheat Qu,respectively.
  • Wang Yan, Dai Yong-dong, Ge Feng, Yu Hong, Zhao Fang-yun
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 7-12. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.007
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    To obtain strains with positive activity of transforming ginsenoside from Panax notoginseng materials sampled in Wenshan of Yunnan.Methods: Using plate streaking method,two fungi were isolated from samples of Panax notoginseng roots.The samples of Panax notoginseng were fermented with the fungi,and the changes of saponins were determined by HPLC methods.Morphologic identification and ITS sequence analysis of the two fungi were carried out.Results: The two strains should belong to the genus Trichoderma based on the comparison and analysis of its morphology and characteristics of colony and sporulation structure.The ITS length of these strains were 550bp,and only one deletion mutation occasionally was taken place at the site 134 of ITS.It was indicated that these strains were highly similar to other strains of Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai(ATCC18648T,ATCC208859,DAOM167674,DAOM231259).So these two strains were identified as T.longibrachiatum.Results from HPLC showed that the strains could efficiently convert big polarity ginseng saponins into small polarity ginseng saponins with high yielding ginsenoside Rd.Conclusion: T.longibrachiatum should possess activity for transforming ginseng saponins.
  • Wei Shuai, Shang De-jun, Bai Yu-jia, Zhang Guo-liang, Feng Zuo-shan
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 13-16. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.034
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    Pleurotus ferulae NB-1 was used to be liquid fermented in this work.After 4 days of fermentation at 25℃,fermentation broth was separated at 5℃ and 25℃ for 1.5 days,then 25℃ for 2 days.Using headspace solid phase micro-extraction and GC/MS/MS,45 kinds and 23 kinds of volatile components were detected in group fermented at 5 and 25℃,respectively.16 volatile components as follows were the same in the two treatment groups: 1-Tetradecanol,1-Undecanol,1-Pentanol,1-Octanol,Benzaldehyde,Hexanal,Nonanal,Undecanal,Acetaldehyde,2-Methylpentanal,2,3-Butanedione,2-Hexanone 2-methyl-Cyclopentanone,3-Methyl-3-oxetanemethanol,2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-hexene,and 1-Tridecene.The number of alcohols and aldehydes in group fermented at 25℃ were less 5℃,and acids were not detected.Maybe it will due to the higher temperature which changes the metabolites of Pleurotus ferulae.
  • Yu Hai, Wang Min, Li Meng-lu, Ge Qing-feng, Wu Man-gang, Wang Zhi-jun
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 17-21. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.035
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    Glutaminase was mainly related to the formation of the taste of fermented meats.The acidity was reduced and the taste was improved in fermented meat products after adding glutaminase.Utilizing glutaminase-producing Staphylococcus saprophyticus RG-2 strain isolated from Rugao ham,we studied the influence of pH,temperature,and NaCl on activity of glutaminase from the strain RG-2 by the method of single factor experiments and response surface.The results showed that optimal catalytic condition was pH6.7,43℃ and 3.1% of NaCl.The activity of the glutaminase from strains RG-2 could be 40.2 U/ml in the catalytic conditions mentioned above.
  • Chen Lin, Li Lin-shen, Wang Ming-zi, Li Xing-long, Zhen Xing, Chen Bi-lian
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 22-27. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.008
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    Use flue gas derived from a methanol plant which contains high concentration of carbon dioxide to cultivate Chlorella sp.,the effects of different aeration modes and cultivation modes on the growth of Chlorella sp.were determined.The results indicated that the microalgae biomass increased when flow rate was at 300 mL/min of 10% CO2 per min and the flow frequency was 10 min/h,the microalgae dry mass and biomass productivity were 0.716g/L and 0.088 gg/(L·d),respectively.The biomass concentration obtained in fed-batch cultivation with nitrate and phosphorus feeding was higher than that obtained in batch cultivation,the maximize microalgae dry mass and biomass productivity were 0.746g/L and 0.093g/(L·d).Respectively.The higher microalgae biomass was obtained when the renewal rate was 20%.When mixotrophic culture with acetic acid,while acetic acid(concentration from 50μL/L to 125μL/L) was added to the culture medium,it could accelerate the growth of Chlorella sp..When acetic acid(concentration from 10μL/L to 25μL/L)was added to the culture medium daily,higher growth rates were obtained than that in normal conditions,and the maximize microalgae dry mass and biomass productivity were 0.986g/L and 0.119g/(L·d),respectively,which were 1.3 times and 1.4 times higher than that of the controls.The study shows that using flue gas derived from a methanol plant to enhance the microalgae biomass of Chlorella sp.is feasible.
  • Tian Dian-mei, Zhang Liang , Lu Zhong-ming , Qin Hui, Hou Chang-jun, Huo Dan-qun
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 28-32. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.036
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    Two yeast strains,N5 and N13,were selected from Kiwi natural fermented liquid with the method of Tetrazolium red(TTC) color reaction,gas producing primary screening,and fermentation secondary screening.Both of them had good brewing performance and high ability to produce ester.The first time distilled products of their fermentation broth had a pure and rich Kiwi aroma and alcohol degrees were 8.6 and 9.1 degrees respectively.They also had higher ability in ester producing than Angela S.cerevisiae.The content of butyric acid ethyl ester was 0.122g/L in N5 yeast's product and ethyl acetate was 0.150g/L in N13 yeast's product.After morphological and molecular biology identification,N5 and N13 strains both belonged to Hansenula.
  • Huang Liu-rong, Wang Wei-wei, Ma Hai-le, Bai Hui-min, Ju Ying-zi, Lei Xue-xiang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 33-37. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.022
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    This research mainly dealt with the purification and stability of recombinant peptide IYPR(Ile-Tyr-Pro-Arg)expressed in E.coli.The inclusion bodies were washed,separated from the cells by ultrasound assisted extraction.After purification by affinity chromatography,recombinant protein was cleaved with enterokinase and trypsin.The purified IYPR was collected from gel filtration.The information had also been realized regarding the activity of purified IYPR under different conditions including temperature,pH and gastrointestinal proteases.The results showed that the recombinant protein was recovered with a high purity of about 90 % by affinity chromatography.The series peptide of IYPR and the 6×His tag were successfully isolated by dialysis.Peptide IYPR was obtained by cleavage of the recombinant protein with trypsin.When the sample was heated at 90 ℃ for 1 h,the activity of IYPR was reduced to 98 % of the original.Incubation in aqueous solutions(from pH 2 to 10) for 5 h didn't change the activity of IYPR.When the peptide was digested by pepsin,its activity was increased by 13.0 %.The data obtained provided a good reference for further development of peptide IYPR into an effective antihypertensive agent for prevention and treatment of hypertension.
  • Zhang Yan-fu, Chen Bi-lian
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 38-43. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.024
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    The unicellular red alga,Rhodella reticulata,can synthesize some bioactive substances such as phycobiliprotein and exopolysaccharides.In this paper,isolation and purification of phycocyanin from Rhodella reticulate and its characteristic were studied.The purer phycocyanin was precipitated by(NH4)2SO4 and then purified using DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange column.The purified phycocyanin had an absorbance maximum at 620nm and its purity reached 3.92.Using SDS-PAGE,the molecular mass of intact C-phycocyanin was estimated to be 18 ku and 22 ku with α and β subunits forming dimmers.The phycocyanin of Rhodella reticulate had 17 kinds of amino acid.The antioxidant activity of pure phycocyanin of Rhodella reticulate was higher than that of crude phycocyanin and showed a dose-dependent manner.
  • Yao Jia, , Zhang Ya-Jie, , Kong Ming, , Li Yao, , Zhang Fu-Sheng, Hu Xiao-Song, , Liao Xiao-Jun, , Zhang Yan, , *
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 44-48. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.009
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    In our study,the model system was peach textural components(alcohol insoluble residue) and the effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing,heat treatment and storage temperature on the water-retention capacity,pectin components and cellulose content of cell wall were studied.The results showed that,compared to heat treatment,HHP and low temperature storage had no significant influence on the water–retention capacity,pectin components and cellulose content of AIR.Correlation analysis showed that there was a high correlation among NSP content,WSP content,and water-retention capacity.These results can provide a theoretical basis for the further research on keeping the texture of fruit and vegetable by HHP.
  • Luo Mei, Li Jie, Xiong Hua
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 49-53. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.025
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    Automatic amino acid Analyzer was used to detect the amino acid composition of rice germ protein isolates.Based on the amino acid composition,amino acid score(AAS),protein efficiency ratio(PER)and Biological value(BV) were estimated.These estimated parameters and vitro digestibility were applied to general nutrition assessment of rice germ protein isolates.Results showed that amino acid score of glutelin(80.90) was the highest in four proteins.In albumin,edestin,glutelin,the proportion of essential amino acids was suitable and conformed to recommended reference pattern of FAO/WHO,PER values closed to the standard values of quality protein(2),BV value was higher,vitro digestive efficiency was better.The quality of prolamine protein is relatively poor.Moreover,the functional properties such as foam ability,foam stability,water and oil holding capacity,surface hydrophobicity were also discussed.Results showed that foam ability of the four proteins reached the minimum at pH5,while foam stability reaching the maximum.Albumin,edestin were better than glutelin,prolamine in water absorbing capacity.Prolamine's oil absorbing capacity was the best.Surface hydrophobicity of rice germ protein isolates was high.Thus,rice germ protein isolates need further modification so that they can be more widely used in the food.
  • Zhang Hui-yun, Chen Jun-liang, Kang Huai-bin, Yang Fang-ning
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 54-58. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.037
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    In order to analysis antioxidant activities of pigskin collagen hydrolysate comprehensively,the reduction capacity,scavenging free radical capacity,lipid oxidative capacity,metal chelating ability of pig skin collagen hydrolysate with different hydrolysis time and concentration were studied.Pig skin collagen hydrolysates possessed remarkable reducing power and strong radical-scavenging ability,and both were increased with hydrolysis time.The protein hydrolysates also showed strong Cu2+ and Fe2+ chelation ability,and the antioxidant activity increased with substrate concentration.The reducing power of 4% pigskin collagen with 6h hydrolyzing was similar to those of 0.02% ascorbic acid.The results demonstrated that enzyme-hydrolyzed pig skin collagen can act as a hydrogen donor,a radical stabilizer,as well as a metal ion chelator to inhibit lipid oxidation.
  • Tao Xiao-yun, Wang Yin, Zhang Meng, Li Lu-ning, Sun Ai-dong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 59-63. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.038
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    The fresh blueberry was selected as the trial material.Two samples of blueberry juice were sterilized by ultra high pressure(UHP) and thermal treatments respectively.The physicochemical property were analyzed and compared during the storage.The results showed that microorganisms in fresh blueberry juice could be inactivated effectively by UHP.Blueberry Juice showed better color after UHP.UHP had no significant effect on titratable acids,reducing sugar,Brix.Fresh blueberry juice treated with UHP was better than that with heat sterilization not only on VC,but also on anthocyanins.
  • Wang Miao-miao, Dong Hai-zhou, Zhang Hui, Hou Han-xue, Yin Xun-lan
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 64-68. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.039
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    The effects of pullulanase and gelatin on properties of films were studied.The results showed that: compared with the corn starch films,pullulanase film showed smoother surface and exhibited enhanced thermal stability and heat seal ability;the tensile strength,water vapor permeability and light transmittance increased by 75%,18% and 35%,respectively;the elongation at break decreased by 53%.Compared with pullulanase modified starch films without gelatin,the films with gelatin showed rougher surface,weakened heat seal ability,enhanced water resistance ability and Light resistance ability.When gelatin was 10% in the solution,the tensile strength increased by 17.6%;when gelatin was 25 percent in the solution,the elongation at break increased by 54.3%;the thermal stability was better at 15% of gelatin.
  • Cen Qi-qiong, Zhang Yan-ping, Dai Zhi-yuan, Wang Hong-hai, Zhong Xiu-yu, Ding Hao-chen
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 69-72. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.040
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    The fatty acid composition of Collichthys niveatus was analyzed by gas chromatography.23 fatty acids were detected.The main compoents are palmitic acid,hexadecenoic acid,oleic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.The effect of hot-air drying time and temperature on the change of the fatty acid composition was evaluated.Results showed that higher temperature and longer drying time would decrease the quantity of polyunsaturated acids.When the samples dry at 72℃,the drying time should be less than 6 hours.The quantity of polyunsaturated acids and the nutritional value of Collichthys niveatus kept well at 56℃ and 64℃.
  • Zhang Qi-jun Wei Ji-gao Liang Zhi
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 73-76. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.023
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    To solve the problem of high energy consumption in cassava alcohol production industry and reduce overall energy consumption,the paper focuses on energy saving in pre-treatment of raw material,optimization of grinding and cooking processes,fermentation using of high-concentration mash,differential pressure distillation and heat pump technique etc..The results show that 3.78% ~ 6.62% of electricity and 3.82%~6.69% of steam could be saved by peeling and cleaning cassavas.Furthermore,increasing the grinding grade and fineness and decreasing the cooking temperature save 32.15% of steam.Meanwhile,more than 40% of steam could be saved via differential pressure distillation compared to normal pressure distillation,and 10.21%~9.73% of steam could be saved by using heat pump for recycling of effluent residual heat.
  • Zhang Jian, Zhang Wen-xue, Ling Xiu-qiong, You Ling, Lin Na, Sun Chuan-ze, Liu Xiao-bin
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 77-83. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.010
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    In order to make the low-cost and high-quality feed from brewers' spent grains,using the distillers' grains as an auxiliary material,the fermentation technology of Trichoderma viride was investigated with an aerobic fermentation installation and with the methods of Plackett-Burman and response surface.The fermentation of Rhodopseudomonas palustri was adopted to increase the content of protein after Trichoderma viride fermentation.With the ratio of dried brewer grains-to-dried distillers' grains set at 2.67∶ 1(w/w),the mixed grains-to-water ratio set at 1∶ 2.88(w/w),the inoculum concentration at 9.5 %(w/w),the initial pH at 5.0,the early fermentation at 30℃ for 4.82 d,the later fermentation at 50℃ for 2.5d,the thickness of feedstock layer at 9 cm,and the air volume at 83.2 mL/min,the crude cellulose content of mixed grains was decreased from 17.2 to 9.9 %(w/w).After the second fermentation of Rhodopseudomonas palustri,the true protein content of mixed grains was increased from 16.1% to 38.4%(w/w),the content of crude protein was increased from 21.5% to 43.9%,the crude cellulose content of mixed grains was decreased from 17.2% to 5.9%(w/w),the fat content of mixed grains was increased from 5.7% to 8.1%(w/w),the crude ash content of mixed grains was increased from 6.6% to 7.8%(w/w),the total phosphorus content of mixed grains was increased from 0.6% to 1.3%(w/w),and the water content of the grains was 9.8%(w/w).The six indexes satisfied the China standard for tilapia's fingerling(SC/T1025-2004).
  • Li Xiang-li, Liu Jing, Zhang Chun-hui, Hu Yan-ying, Zhu Jiu-bin, Zhang Chuan-min
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 84-89. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.041
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    Using the Euryale ferox,rice and malt as raw materials,the effect of yeast inoculums amount,initial pH value,fermentation temperature and fermentation time on typical properties and sensory evaluation of Euryale Ferox dry wine were researched in this paper.L9(34) orthogonal experiment was adopted for getting the optimum conditions of the fermentation processing for Euryale ferox dry wine.The results showed that the factors affecting the fermentation of Euryale ferox dry wine were in order of yeast inoculation amount,fermentation temperature,fermentation time,and pH value.The optimum conditions for the fermentation processing of Euryale ferox dry wine were as follows: initial pH value of 4.0,fermentation temperature of 28℃,yeast inoculation amount of 0.6%,and fermentation time of 8d.Under the optimum conditions,the alcoholicity of the Euryale ferox dry wine was up to 11.0% after clarification,flavoring and sterilization.
  • Yin Jian-gang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 90-93. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.042
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    In the production of Jujube concentrated juice,there are many factors that affect the quality and nutritive value of products,including the variety of raw materials,extraction method and process and so on.In recent years,the jujube concentrated juice production technology is more matured,but there are still some problems in the process of production.The article discusses how to keep the color and flavor of the Jujube juice while preserve its richest nutrition and physiological active materials to improve the extraction rate and quality of Jujube concentrated juice.
  • Liang Yin-ku, Wu San-qiao, Xu Zhong-yang, Li Xin-sheng, Yang Hai-tao, Liu Jun-hai
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 94-98. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.011
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    Polygonatum glycoprotein was extracted from polygonatum by hot water and sinking in alcohol.The trichloroacetic acid,the dialysis and the anion-exchange column chromatography were used to purify the Polygonatum glycoprotein.Monosaccharide composition of polygonatum glycoprotein was studied by GC-MS and the antioxidant activity of Polygonatum glycoprotein were studied by Fenton oxidation,phosphomolybdenum complex method and pyrogallol autoxidation method.The results showed that: The content of Polygonatum glycoprotein was 0.34%,the ratio of polysaccharide and protein was 5.4∶ 1,the monosaccharide composition of Polygonatum glycoprotein mainly were rhamnose,arabinose,D-xylose,galactose,glucose and mannose polysugar and their relative percentage contents were: 2.12%,1.81%,2.51%,65.4%,14.3%,13.8%.Scavenging ratio of hydroxyl radical,scavenging ratio of superoxide anion radical and total antioxidant activity of polygonatum glycoprotein increased gradually by the contents of polygonatum glycoprotein.Scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical were higher than that of Vc,however the total antioxidant activity was lower than that of Vc.
  • Li Chang-sheng, Zhao Cong-cong, Shi Xiao-dong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 99-103. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.043
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    In order to study the ripen properties and quality control of Yunnan cheese,the sensorial,physicochemical and biochemical index in two storage conditions were studied.The results showed that the shelf life for non-packaged cheese was 7d,in which sensorial quality was the best at the 3rd day;the shelf life for vacuum-packaged was 30d,in which sensorial quality was the best during the 7th ~15th day;WSN-N,TCA-N,PTA-N and AAN increased gradually;ADV,CBA and TBA increased,rising and decreasing of POV appeared alternately during the whole storage time.
  • Sun Hao, Xu Xing-lian, Huang Ji-chao
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 107-111. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.044
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    Recent years,the ratio of cut-up to further processed products in poultry production kept increasing.As a result,both consumer and industries are paying more and more attention to poultry quality and processing properties.Many foreign studies have demonstrated that reduced protein functionality will impact the quality of products and causes enormous losses to industries.This paper illustrates the formation mechanism of PSE poultry under the circumstances of abnormal Ca2+ regulation and restrained calpain activation,explains the reasons and problems caused by the quality reduction of PSE meat,and reviews the previous studies by foreign experts on processing characteristics of PSE-like meat.
  • Wu Qiong, Xie Hui, Wang Fengqin, Ren Tianbao, Song Andong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 112-118. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.026
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    With the increasingly serious energy crisis and food security,production of succinate from fermentation of fiber hydrolyzated had become a research topic due to its unique advantages of low demand for energy,effective conservation and sustainable utilization of raw material.Present research achievements,strains,producing technologies and extraction technologies of products on production of succinate derived from fermentation of fiber hydrolyzate were reviewed in this article,which also referred to unsolved problems in this field until now and further analyzed the development orientation in future.
  • Fang Jing-jie, Liang Ying, Lin Qin-lu, Wu Yue, Wu Wei, Gao Yu
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 119-124. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.045
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    Rice active peptide became a hot spot for research and development because of its anti-oxidantion,anti-hypertension,immunity enhancement,etc..The function of rice active peptides and the biological verification and immunological research on them were reviewed in the paper,the existing problems and its future was also discussed and forecasted.
  • Zhou Shuang, Xu Yan, Fan Wen-lai, Li Ji-ming, Yu Ying, Jiang Wen-guang, Li Lan-xiao
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 125-131. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.046
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    The volatile compounds of oak chips from America,France,and China with medium toasting level were studied by using liquid-liquid extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.A total of 85 volatile compounds were detected and identified,including 2 terpenoid alcohols,1 aldehyde,7 fatty acids,2 esters,3 lactones,7 aromatic compounds,6 ketones,15 furanic compounds,34 phenolic compounds,and 8 others.Phenolic compounds had much more amount and concentrations in oak chips.The results showed that the concentrations of syringaldehyde,vanillin,furfural,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in oak chips were higher than that of others detected,and these compounds had great impact on the overall aroma and flavor of oak chips.Based on the comparison of furanic compounds,whiskey lactones,vanillion,and syringaldehyde,Chinese oak chips were more similar to American oak chips.
  • Wu Rong, Tao Ning-ping, Liu Yuan, Wang Xi-chang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 132-140. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.013
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    The volatile compounds in meat of cultivated puffer fish(Takifugu obscurus) were extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction(SDE) with dichloromethane and diethyl ether,respectively.GC-MS was used for qualitative analysis of volatile components.The quantities of volatiles were determined with 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine as the internal standard.Principle component analysis(PCA) was used in analyzing the differences and similarities.The results indicated that the volatile compounds obtained using diethyl ether extraction were mainly contributed from tetradecanal(4963.71ng/g),octadecanal(1171.51ng/g),(Z)-13-Octadecenal(2007.21ng/g),ethyl acetate(1148.44 ng/g),n-hexadecanoic acid(4639.90ng/g).Totally,57 compounds were identified.The major volatile compounds with dichloromethane extraction were hexadecanal(2381.77ng/g),2,3-butanedione(1267.40ng/g),n-hexadecanoic acid(545.08ng/g).Totally,78 compounds were acquired.Dichloromethane extraction was better on qualitative aspects,while diethyl ether extracts has advantages in the quantitative aspects.A total of 96 compounds with two solvents were identified,including aldehydes(29),ketones(11),alcohols(16),N-containing or S-containing compounds and aromatics(22),esters(7),acids(3),alkanes(8).
  • Shi zhong-fen, Wang Gui-ying, Chen hong-yan, Cao Jin-xuan, Chen Zhi-bin, Yang Yue, Liao Guo-zhou
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 141-145. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.017
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    The fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat in Xuanwei ham by GC-MS was studied.The results showed that Xuanwei ham contained 11 kinds of saturated fatty acids(SFA) and 15 kinds of unsaturated fatty acid(UFA).The relative percentage of SFA in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat was 34.75% and 36.23%,respectively.However,the relative percentage of UFA in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat was 6 4.78% and 63.47%,respectively.The main fatty acids in intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat were oleic acid(C18∶ 1),palmitic acid(C16∶ 0),stearic acid(Cl8∶ 0) and linoleic acid(C18∶ 2).The relative percentages of above fatty acids in intramuscular fat were 33.44%,23.37%,8.44% and 20.55%,respectively.While,the relative percentages of above fatty acids in subcutaneous fat were 31.47%,21.90%,11.13% and 22.39% respectively.
  • Qin Wei-shuai, Zhao Xin-jie, Zhang Na, Zhai Heng
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 146-150. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.018
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    The volatile aroma compounds of four commercial wine yeasts was determined by head spacesolid phase microextraction(HS-SPME) followed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 19 volatile compounds were identified and quantified in the wines produced.CY3079 generated the highest content of total volatile higher alcohols,due to the presences of the highest concentrations of isoamyl alcohol and 2-phenylethyl alcohol.D254 yeast had the largest concentration of total volatile esters and acids,suggesting that D254 strain possessed a relatively higher capacity in ethyl acetate and acetic acid synthesis.EC1118 generated the lowest content of total volatile higher alcohols,but with higher 2-phenylethyl acetate generation capacity.RC212 yeast had the lowest concentration of total volatile esters and acids.The sensory evaluation showed that the fruity aroma of D254 wine was still prominent,whereas CY3079 wine had a pungent odor.The EC1118 wine had a potent flowerlike aroma.
  • Zhang Shuai, Liang Gui-juan, Wu Shi-lan, Qin Li-kang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 151-155. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.019
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    A method for the determination of acrylamide in Chinese traditional fermented bean products by HPLC-MS was established.ACQUITY UPLC C18 column(210mm×20mm,1.7μm) was used for chromatographic separation,with elution of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol(99∶ 1 by volume).Determination was performed by using electrospray ionixation(ESI+) and multi-reaction monitoring(MRM).Internal standard method was applied to quantify.The m/z for acrylamide was 72.2∶ 55,the m/z for 13C3-acrylamide was 74.79∶ 58.0.The calibration linear range of acrylamide was from 0.01~1μg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.992425.The mean recovery of fermented bean curd,fermented black bean and soybean paste were 86.6%,91.7% and 85.0%,the relative standard deviation was lower than 10%(n=5).This method was highly sensitive and well repeatable,and was suitable for quantifying the contents of acrylamide in Chinese traditional fermented bean products.
  • Wang Feng, Chen Xing-fu, Yang Wen-yu, Jiang Tao, Liang Shan, Cheng Tao, Chen Zhong-shuo, Li Yue
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 156-162. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.027
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    In order to research the amino acid components and contents of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.introduced into the middle of the hilly area of Sichuan and evaluate their nutrition value,the contents of water,protein and amino acids in it were determined by the Oven,Kieldahl instrument and HITICHIL-8800 automatic analysis instrument,respectively.The results showed that the content of the protein was 14.37%.There were 17 kinds of amino acid,wherein 7 was essential amino acid for human.The contents of total amino acids,essential amino acids,nonessential amino acids,flavor amino acids and medicinal amino acids were 133.74 mg/g,59.42 mg/g,114.91 mg/g,and 80.29 mg/g,respectively.The ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids and essential amino acids to total amino acids were 0.79 and 0.44,respectively.Analyzing the amino acids via the amino acids ratio coefficient method,the amino acids ratio and the ratio coefficient were 0.97~1.32 and 70.76,respectively.The contents of amino acids of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.introduced to the middle of the Sichuan Hilly Basin were high and steady,the constitute of amino acids met the standard model.The nutritional value was balance.They could be used to eat directly or used as raw materials with high quality to develop health care products.
  • Liu Zhiwei, Zhang Junwei, Peng Qijun
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 163-166. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.020
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    Sulfate ion content in citric acid solution by turbidimetric analysis method was studied and established.The effects of wavelength,citric acid and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) concentration on the stability time and absorbance intensity were analyzed in detail.Results indicated that the crystallization rate of BaSO4 precipitation could be enhanced by addition PVA in the citric acid solution,and the stability of suspension was improved by increasing the concentration of PVA.Also,the optimal absorbance wavelength was 440 nm and the optimal PVA concentration was 1.0g/L,citric acid solution was less than 3%.The linear range of standard curve was 2~24 mg/L,and its equation was expressed as A=0.010 6C-0.018 3(A is the absorbance and C is the mass concentration of sulfate,R2=0.997 6).The reproducibility RSD was 0.73% and the recoveries were 97.5%~102.9%.The analytical method established in this work can be applied to accurate and rapid determination of sulfate ion in the citric acid.
  • Zheng Yan-jie, Hu Shu-yu, Li Yong-le, Zhang-nian, Bai wen-liang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 167-169. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.047
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    38 inorganic elements in Shanxin extra aged vinegar and Zhenjiang vinegar were analysed through ICP-AES and ICP-MS.12 characteristic elements,which were Cd,Al,Ca,Ba,Fe,Mn,Zn,Ni,Pb,Cs,As,Mo,were selected by significant test(T test).The principal component analysis(PCA) showed obvious differences between the two vinegars.The contents of 12 characteristic elements were concerned with the local geological condition and processing technique.The inorganic elements determination was expected to be a discrimination method for authenticity of Chinese geographical indication vinegars.
  • Huang Jie, Yu Kong-jie, Qian Jiang, Wang Dan-hong, Cai Shan-shan, Xue Zhi-min
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 170-173. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.021
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    A method using capillary gas chromatography for simultaneous determination of linolenic acid,ARA,EPA and DHA in milk powder was developed and heneicosanoic acid methyl ester was selected as the internal standard substance.The samples were firstly saponified and methylated with KOH-CH3OH.These methyl esters were then analyzed with GC by Internal standard method.The linolenic acid,ARA,EPA,DHA and internal standard substance were separated from each other.There were good linear relationships between their concentration and their peak area,and the correlation coefficient were more than 0.998.The recoveries for adding standards were 95.4% ~ 104.7%,and the coefficient of variation were 2.168% ~ 4.368%.The limits of detection were 1.0mg/100g.The method is simple,fast and accurate for the determination of linolenic acid,ARA,EPA and DHA in a lot of milk powder samples.
  • Song Xiu-xiang, Lu Xiao-xiang, Chen Shao-hui, Li Jiang-kuo
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 174-178. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.048
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    In this manuscript,Apollo was selected as experimental material.Through three kinds of warming up way,the effects of different variable temperature ways on storage quality and relative enzymatic activity of Green Asparagus were investigated.The results showed that shelf-life of Green Asparagus could be extended effectively by gradually warming,wherein A-3 was the most obvious.Better sensory quality and higher TSS of Green Asparagus could be kept by A-3.With 8 days of shelf-life,the sensory score of A-3 was 17,TSS was 3.91%,while the sensory score of A-1 was 10,TSS was 3.42%.And the firmness of A-3 was slightly changed.At the same time,the increase of conductivity could be effectively slowed down by A-3.The conductivity of A-3 was 18.27% on 8 days of shelf-life,while A-1 was its 1.2 times.The activity of PPO,POD,CAT of A-3 was overall higher than that of the other two treatments and the control.
  • Wang Kai-tuo, Zheng Yong-hua
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 179-185. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.014
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    The effect of the boron(potassium tetraborate) treatment on quality,sucrose metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis in harvested Chinese bayberries 'Wumei' storaged at 1°C was investigate.The results exhibited that the 1 %(w/v) was the maximum concentration of boron and it remarkably lowered the decay incidence and maintained fruit quality in Chinese bayberries during the storage.Furthermore,it could significantly inhibit the activities of AI,SPS and SS2(SS synthetic direction) and increase the SS1(SS cleavage direction) activity.Meanwhile,the boron-treated bayberries showed the lower contents of glucose and sucrose as well as higher contents of fructose,total anthocyanin and cyanidin-3-glucoside compared to the controls.Thus,it is suggested that the boron element regulates the enzymes activities for sucrose metabolism by accumulating anthocyanin precursor UDPG,and provided the substrate for anthocyanin synthesis to promote anthocyanin synthesis and improve the storage quality of Chinese bayberries.
  • Lin Ben-fang, Lu Xiao-xiang, Li Jiang-kuo, Chen Shao-hui
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 186-190. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.049
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    This paper investigated the effect of different concentrations(800mg/L、1200mg/L) of natamycin on the quality of Broccolis stored at-1℃~1℃.The physicochemical indexes and nutrition components of Broccolis were detected every 10days.The results showed that the soluble solids,vitamine C and chlorophyll content of broccolis by natamycin treatment decreased less than that just by cold storage.Natamycin could inhibit the increase of respiratory intensity,increased superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities and slowed down polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activity and decreased cell membrane permeability.These results showed that cold storage combined with natamycin treatment could delay ripening of Broccoli,wherein the storage effect of Broccolis with 1200 mg/L natamycin treatment was better than that with 800mg/L.
  • Xie Liang-liang, Cai Wei-rong, Zhang Hong, Chen Yong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 191-195. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.028
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    To study different components of tea polysaccharides and their anticoagulant activity,the tea polysaccharides were extracted by water and precipitated by alcohol,and purified by ion exchange chromatograph on DEAE sepharose CL-6B column,and its molecular weight was determined by high performance gel permeation chromatograph.The anticoagulant activity of polysaccharide was also studied.The results showed polyamide method was effective on decolorization and deproteination,the decolorization and deproteination and polysaccharides retention rate were 75.5%,91.2% and 79.2% respectively;four componets were obtained after purification: TPS-1,TPS-2,TPS-3 and TPS-4.HPGPC method showed that the TPS-1,TPS-2 and TPS-3 were homogeneous polysaccharides.Their molecular weight were 20760、24230 and 250643,separately,they are homogeneous.TPS-4 has two components of molecular weight of 689113 and 4150,and it was heterogeneous.Anticoagulant activities in vitro tests showed TPS-4 could prolong activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and thrombin time(TT).The result indicated TPS in the regulation of coagulation initiated via the intrinsic pathway.
  • Yu Hong-jun, Zheng Sheng-hong, Li Li-xiang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 196-199. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.029
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    The procyanidins from the tea(Camellia oleifer) Seed Shell was isolated and purified with Sephadex LH-20,and the samples were analyzed and identified.The result showed that procyanidins which from the tea(Camellia oleifer) Seed Shell,was purified by Sephadex LH-20 using 60% acetone elution received higher levels of procyanidins,the yield was 57.3%.The purified product was further analyzed by HPLC.It indicated that the Procyanidin monomer was existed in the samples.
  • Chen Jun, Zhao Li, Shi Yu-jie
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 200-205. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.050
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    The single factor experiments and response surface optimization experiments were used to study the extraction processing of oil from crayfish waste.The fatty acid composition and oxidation stability of the oil were also analyzed.Experimental results showed that optimal processing conditions were: 78.88% alcohol,rate of liquid to material 6.65:1,temperature 40℃,extraction time 1h,2 times.The optimal model was: Extraction rate(%)=10.73+0.12A+0.65B-0.072C-0.43A2-0.56B2+0.027C2-0.31AB+0.012AC-0.033BC,prediction value of extraction rate was 11.04%,the actual extraction rate was 0.96%.By fatty acid analysis of crayfish refining oil,the results were: 14 kinds of fatty acid were determined,47.98% of the total fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids,saturated fatty acids was 52.02%,essential fatty acids was at 17.26%,EPA和DHA was 7.35% of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cis-fatty acids was to 95.65% of unsaturated fatty acid.This indicated that crayfish oil had good nutritional value.Oxidation stability studies showed that oxidation resistance time of crayfish oil was 0.86h.This study provided a theoretical basis of oil extraction and storage.
  • You Wen-juan, Wen Yong-jun
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2012, 38(09): 206-210. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2012.09.030
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    The ultrasound-assisted extraction condition of polysaccharides from Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill fruits(SCP) was optimized by Response Surface Methodology(RSM).The results showed that the significant factors of SCP extraction were ethanol concentration,ratio of solid to liquid and extraction temperature.The optimal extraction conditions obtained by RSM were as follows: ethanol concentration(X1) 54.7%,solid to liquid ratio(X2) 1∶ 25,extraction temperature(X3) 58℃.The other conditions were ultrasonic power 200W,extraction time 40min and extraction twice.Under the optimal extraction conditions,the relative extraction rate of SCP could reach to 87.12%(n=3).The ultrasound-assisted extraction was better than traditional method.The Antioxidant activities of SCP on ·OH and ·O2-were determined by spectrophotometry.The results showed that SCP had strong antioxidant activities.