25 February 2013, Volume 39 Issue 02
    

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    Food and Fermentation Industries
  • Cui Rui-ying, Zheng Jia, He Fei, Zhang Li-qiang, Yang Song-zhang, Huang Jun, Wu Chong-de, Zhou Rong-qing,
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.020
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    In the present study,the effect of halophilic LAB(Tetragenococcus halophilus CGMCC 3792) and halophilic yeasts(Zygosaccharomyces rouxii CGMCC 3791 and Candida versatilis CGMCC 3790) added in the fermentation of soy sauce moromi was investigated.The changes in volatile compounds during soy sauce moromi fermentation were monitored based on HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis.The results showed that the relative content of acids,alcohols,ketones,furans,pyrazines and miscellaneous in the T.halophilus CGMCC 3792 inoculated sample were decreased and the relative content of esters,aldehydes and phenols were increased.While the relative contents of alcohols,esters,aldehydes and miscellaneous in the Z.rouxii CGMCC 3791 and C.versatilis CGMCC 3790 inoculated sample were increased and the relative content of acids,phenols,furans and pyrazines were decreased.Meanwhile,in the T.halophilus CGMCC 3792 enhanced soy sauce moromi,the relative contents of phenethyl alcohol,ethyl acetate,ethyl caprylate,ethyl caprate and p-ethylguaiacol were increased significantly.And in the Z.rouxii CGMCC 3791 and C.versatilis CGMCC 3790 enhanced soy sauce moromi,the relative content of phenethyl alcohol and long chain fatty acid ethyl ester(ethyl laurate,ethyl palmitate,ethyl linoleate,etc.) were increased significantly.In addition,it was interesting to note that the relative content of p-ethylguaiacol in T.halophilus CGMCC 3792 enhanced soy sauce moromi increased during the whole fermentation process.Further study was needed to investigate whether T.halophilus CGMCC 3792 had the ability to produce p-ethylguaiacol or cold-warm fermentation technology promoted the formation of p-ethylguaiacol.
  • Zhou Xiao-bing, Zheng Pu
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 7-10. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.012
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    Spirit-based ditillers' grains(SDG) treated with enzyme hydrolysis was used as a stuff for fermentative production of succinic acid by Actinobacillus succinogenes.When the hydrolysis reaction was solely catalyzed by cellulase or amylase under its optimum temperature and pH,the corresponding hydrolysis rates of cellulose in SDG and starch in SDG were 44.04% and 92.26%,respectively.While hydrolysis using cellulase and amylase step by step(HSS),the later hydrolysis reaction could be restrained.Otherwise,the yield of reducing sugar in hydrolysis using cellulase and amylase simultaneously was about 150 mg/g SDG,the same as that of HSS.Using hydrolysis and fermentation separated process,58.4 g/L reducing sugar was obtained,which resulted in 28.8 g/L succinic acid with a yield of 72 mg/g SDG.However,using the procedure that firstly SDG was hydrolyzed with cellulase and then starch in SDG was simultaneously saccharified and fermented,32 g/L succinic acid was achieved with a yield of 133 mg/g SDG.This study provided a new economical stuff for fermentative production of succinic acid in the future.
  • Li Wen-ming, Yang Wen-hua, Li Hai-xing, Liu Xiao-hua, Cao Yu-sheng
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 11-16. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.001
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    Pseudomonas stutzeri F4 is capable of removing aflatoxin B1 efficiently.The properties and the kinetics of aflatoxin B1 hydrolyzed by F4,and the influence of proteinase K and SDS on its degradation performance were investigated.After 72 h of cultivation,80.03% of AFB1 was degraded by F4 cell suspension.Proteinase K had no affects on its degradation efficiency,while the degradation ability almost lost by SDS treatment.In addition,the cell-free supernatant of the degradation solution taken from different time also had the detoxification activity,and in which 60 h sample showed a better activity(84.30% AFB1 was degraded after continuous cultivation for 48 h).When the supernatant treated with proteinase K,the degradation efficiency was decreased to 45.42%.Low concentration of AFB1 induction had no effect on the degradation activity.These results indicated that a F4 intracellular enzyme was responsible for the degradation of AFB1.Meanwhile,HPLC chromatograms demonstrated that AFB1 was degraded to at least two products.
  • Yu Lei-lei, Wang Chao, Shi Bo, Ma Miao-lian, Duan Hui, Zhang Ming
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 17-23. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.030
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    The partial purification and characterization of pentocin LPEM818 produced by Lactobacillus pentosus LPEM818 were studied.Pentocin LPEM818 was purified by 80 % ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-25 column chromatography.The results showed that an 11.09 fold purification and 4.6 % yield were obtained.Pentocin LPEM818 exhibited strong heat stability(remained 84.52 % of the antibacterial activity after 15 min at 121 ℃) and pH stability(pH 2.0-8.0).The activity of pentocin LPEM818 was destroyed after treatment with proteinase K and trypsin.The mode of action of pentocin LPEM818 was bactericidal.Pentocin LPEM818 exhibited inhibitory activity against part of the Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria.The identified properties of pentocin LPEM818 indicate that it is a novel bacteriocin with potential application as a bio-preservative to improve the safety of food products.
  • Tian Feng, Wang Ling
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 24-28. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.031
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    The Zhanjiang cultured Penaeus vannammei were preserved at(4±1)℃ and its bacterial composition were studied qualitatively and quantitatively through the bacterial morphology and physiological-biochemical experiment at different stages during refrigeration.Furthermore,the dominant spoilage organisms were identified preliminarily.The results indicated that the total number of bacteria was 2.8×104 CFU/g at the initial storage,including 10 genera of bacteria with 6 Gram-negative bacteria which taking up 80% of the total number of bacteria.Among them,the bacteria with highest number were Flavobacterium spp.and Aeromonas spp.,accounting for 33.3% and 13.3% respectively.After refrigerated for 2 days,the total number of bacteria was 5.1×104 CFU/g,Flavobacterium spp.(30%) and Acinetobacter spp.(16.7%) were in the ascendant and the amount of G-grew to 86.7%.As time going on,the types of bacteria gradually reduced and the total bacterial count was 3.0 × 106 CFU/g at the end of shelf life,but only 8 genera of bacteria were separated,of which the amount of G-was 93.4% and the content of Aeromonas spp.and Pseudomonas spp.both increased to 16.7% while that of Flavobacterium spp.reduced to 26.7%.The other types of G-were grown in varying degrees.On the 6th days,the total number of bacteria was up to 2.4×107 CFU/g and the Penaeus vannammei completely spoilaged.4 dominant spoilage organisms isolated from the musle of prawn were all G-,which comprised Flavobacterium spp.,Shewanella spp.,Pseudomonas spp.and Aeromonas spp.,with the proportion of 28.74%,26.44%,21.84%,and 16.09%,respectively.
  • Luo Song-ming, Liu Shu-liang, Du Xiao-hua, Chen Gong, Yan Zheng-cai
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 29-34. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.032
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    Some traditional fermented pickle from Cheng-du city and Mei-shan city and some saline water from two food corporations who produced salted vegetables were research objects in the text.Hydrogen(pH),acidity,salinity and microbial communities of all the samples were tested and analysed.The result showed as following:(1) the salinity of sample had enormous implications for microorganism,and the quantity of microorganism was closely related to pH & acidity of sample.(2) The content of Lactobacillus,Galactococcus or Leuconostoc in the traditional fermented pickle was high,it achieved 108 CFU/mL in some pickle.The content of Saccharomycetes in most pickles ranged from 102 CFU/mL to 106 CFU/mL.And a few acetic acid bacteria existed in some samples.The total plate count of saline water from corporation was 102-105 CFU/mL,the content of lactic acid bacteria or Saccharomycetes was 10-105 CFU/mL.(3) In addition,minority samples were contaminated by mycete,and most samples were contaminated by pseudomonas or bacillus.
  • Wu Yang-yang, Yu Hong, Ge Feng, Chen Zi-hong, Zeng Wen-bo
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 35-40. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.014
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    The herb of Panax notoginseng was fermented by three Paecilomyces fungi(Paecilomyces hepiali,Paecilomyces militaris and Paecilomyces cicadae),and the changes of useful components in the fermentation products were detected.The results showed that the strains of Paecilomyces hepiali and Paecilomyces militaris could transform ginsenoside Rb1 into ginsenoside Rd.The fermentation products achieved high yield of rare ginsenoside Rd,and contained adenosine,cordycepin and mannito.This study indicated that abundant and new medicinal resources could be got by the interaction between medicinal microbes and herbal medicines.
  • Zhang Fei, Wei Tao, Liu Yin, Han Ya-wei, He Pei-xin
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 41-44. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.015
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    An engineered strain with catalytic activity of valine-pyruvate transaminase was used in chiral resolution of DL-valine.The effect of reaction conditions such as reaction temperature,pH,substrate mole ratio,substrate concentration and metal ions on enzyme activity was studied.Results showed that the optimal conditions were 45℃ and pH9.The optimal substrate ratio of L-valine to pyruvic acid was 1∶ 8(mol∶ mol).The initial substrate concentration of DL-valine and pyruvic acid were 0.6 mol/L and 2.4 mol/L respectively.Enzyme activity was improved by addition of 0.5 mmol/L Mg2+ and Na+.
  • Xu Yong-xia, Zhao Hong-lei, Liu Ying, Jiang Cheng-cheng, Pan Si-yi
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 45-49. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.033
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    The effect of(E)-2-heptenal on Maillard reaction products was investigated by thermal reaction systems consisting of L-cysteine and D-xylose.The Maillard reaction products derived from the(E)-2-heptenal-containing model systems showed the increase in absorbance at 294 nm and 420 nm,suggesting that more intermediates and browning products produced in the reaction systems.The volatiles generated in different reaction mixtures were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction(SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that the addition of(E)-2-heptenal had a suppressing effect on most of nitrogen-and sulfur-containing compounds derived from the reaction between cysteine and xylose,especially for 2-methyl-3-furanthiol,2-furfurylthiol,3-methylthiophene and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxaldehyde.However,some new alkyl-thiophenes were formed with a concomitant increasing content of(E)-2-heptenal,including 2-hexyl-thiophene,2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-thiophene and 5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde.Compared with the control,new alcohols,ketones and esters were formed in(E)-2-heptenal-containing reaction system.
  • Tu Zong-cai, Zhang Peng, Wang Hui, Yin Yue-bin, Man Ze-zhou
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 50-55. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.016
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    Response surface methodology(RSM) was selected to optimize the fish oil nanoliposomes prepare by ethanol injection-dynamic high pressure microfluidizer(DHPM) method,its physical and chemical properties were evaluated at last.The results indicated that the optimum prepation technique parameters were as follows: phosphatidylcholine content was 29 mg/mL,the mass ratio of phosphatidylcholine,fish oil,cholesterol and Tween-80 was 10∶ 2∶ 2.5∶ 1,DHPM treatment pressure was 150 MPa and treated twice.Under these conditions,encapsulation efficiency(EE) of fish oil nanoliposomes was reached to 76.9%,average diameter was 128.1 nm,zeta potential was-20.11 mV.Fish oil nanoliposomes made by ethanol injection-DHPM exhibited great advantages in their characteristics,including small average diameter and narrow size distribution(polydispersity index 0.258) as well as great encapsulation efficiency and good stability.
  • Zhang Li-li, Zhang Tao, Jiang Xiao-ming, Xue Yong, Xu Jie, Xue Chang-hong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 56-61. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.034
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    To explore the effects of different moisture content and moisture state to the thermal stability of surimi gels with high-temperature treatment.Surimi gels was prepared with different water retaining agents,then treated with high temperature.The moisture content,water activity and moisture status changes of the gel after cold-drying was tested.The gel properties were evaluated by a five-point grading system.With the cold drying time increasing,the moisture content of the surimi gels with or without water retaining agents showed the same downward trend.The water activity also decreased,but the decline rate is not the same.Immobilized water and free water content of the surimi gels changed.After high-temperature treatment,the gel properties showed an upward trend.Reducing the moisture content can effectively improve the gel properties with high-temperature treatment.Moreover,water retaining agents can change the water activity and moisture state to further improve the thermal stability of the surimi gels.
  • Zhang Feng-jie, Xue Jie, Wang Yi-jing, Wang De-liang, Zhou Jian-di, Xie Guang-fa
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 62-68. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.035
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    The aim of present work was to study the produce of biogenic amines during brewing process for Chinese rice wine,and the influencing factors including raw material,Wheat Qu,seed starter,amino acid,brewing technique and ageing.Biogenic amines were quantified by a pre-column derivatization by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Putrescine and tryamine were the most prevalent amine.None of amines were detected in water.The aliphatic amines(putrescine,cadaverine,spermine) were present in glutinous rice and wheat Qu,but the content was not over 6.01 mg/kg.Significantly different contents depended on seed starters(P<0.01) ranging from 16.43 to 87.72mg/L.There was a positive correlation between the content of biogenic amines and total acid,but significant negative correlation between this content and alcohol and the sense organ taste.The total content of biogenic amines during traditional brewing process was higher than that during mechanized brewing process,but both had same change tendency,i.e.,increasing in early fermentation period and followed with decreasing,which was the same to bacterial count.Statistically significant increase was found in analyzed amino acids,but there was no correlation between it and the content of biogenic amines.Slight decreases came about during ageing for traditional rice wine,but irregular changes for mechanized rice wine.Overall,total content of biogenic amines ranging from 0.14 to 175.15 mg/L were within the safe level for human health.
  • Zhou Yun-yun, Liu Chun-feng, Wang Jin-jing, Zhu Lin-jiang, Li Yong-xian, Zheng Fei-yun, Li Qi
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 69-74. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.036
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    The main components of aging hops were analyzed.It was found that oxidation and reductions of α-acids and β-acids were explained by the formation of iso-α-acids and some derivatives oxides like humulinone and hulupones.The results showed that the content of total polyphenols in hop decreased.Polymerization and oxidation of phenolic aicds progressed during hops ageing,and no response peaks were detected.The effect of ageing hops on anti-oxidant ability of wort and beer was investigated by detection of content of total polyphenols,DPPH scavenging ratio,TRAP value,and TBA value.It can be seen that ageing hops had great influence on anti-oxidant ability of wort and beer,especially on the flavor stability coefficients,i.e.,SI,which showed significant variation.
  • Yang Wei, Ke Chong-rong, Shao Qing-wei, Zhu Yong-feng, Huang Jian-zhong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 75-79. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.017
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    Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a kind of high yield coenzyme Q10 of photosynthetic bacteria.The medium composition and fermentation conditions for production of coenzyme Q10 by R.sphaeroides EIM-8 were optimized.Optimization of medium was performed by single factor and response surface design.The optimized medium composition was as follows: glucose 27.8 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 4.9 g/L,glutamic acid 4.7 g/L,corn steep liquor 2.5 g/L,MgSO4 9.5 g/L,FeSO4 1.5 g/L,NaCl 3.5 g/L,KH2PO4 4.0 g/L,auxiliary liquid 15.0 mL/L.The culture condition determined by single factor experiment was as follows: initial pH 6.5,temperature 32 ℃,inoculum 10%,medium volume 40 mL/250 mL.Using the described medium and condition,coenzyme Q10 yield could reach 128.9 mg/L which was 89.0% higher than results prior to optimization.
  • Liu Xiao-ling, Wang Jin-jing, Li Yong-xian, Zhu Lin-jiang, Li Qi
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 80-85. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.018
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    Terrific Broth(TB) medium was proved to be the optimum medium for β-1,3-1,4-glucanase fermentation using recombinant Escherichia coli.Several factors including 10 carbon sources and 9 nitrogen sources were studied in order to improve the productivity of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase by recombinant E.coli BL21DE3(pET-28a(+)-bgl).And glycerin,yeast extract and tryptone were finally selected as the best carbon source and nitrogen sources,respectively.Response surface methodology(RSM),fractional factorial design(FFD),steepest ascent path,and central composite design(CCD) were used to determine the optimum concentrations of each component in TB medium.Finally the concentrations were determined as follows: yeast extract 20 g/L,tryptone 12.5 g/L,glycerin 14.1 mL/L,KH2PO4 2.17 g/L and K2HPO4 2.74 g/L.And activity of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase achieved 2978 U/mL,which was 1.78 times higher than that from original medium.These conclusions will provide theoretical basis for the pilot scale fermentation and further utilization of the β-1,3-1,4-glucanase in industry.
  • Song De-long, Yun Jian-min, Ai Dui-yuan, Zhang Wen-wei, Wei Long
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 86-91. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.005
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    In order to obtain the proper spawn fitting for industrial cultivation of Agaricus bisporus,the study was carried out to increase the mycelium biomass and control the hyphal ball diameter and density in submerged culture process.Using Agaricus bisporus As2796 as the strain,the single factor tests and orthogonal design method were employed to optimize medium composition and its liquid culture condition in the trial.The results showed that the optimum medium composition for culturing Agaricus bisporus primary spawn in liquid was as follows: potato 80 g,brown sugar 12 g,glucose 9.0 g,peptone 2 g,yeast extract 1 g,KH2PO4 2 g,MgSO4·7H2O 1 g,and VB1 0.01 g in 1 000 mL water.The best liquid culture conditions for secondary spawn were as follows: shaking speed of 150 r/min,culture temperature 25℃,initial pH 6.0,inoculation quantity 12%,and filling with 100 mL fluid in 250mL flask.Under the conditions,the hypha ball diameter could be controlled effectively in the range of 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm,and mycelium biomass yield reached 25.0 mg/mL(on a dry-weight basis).
  • Cui Ai-ping, Chi Nai-yu, Zhang Qing-fang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 92-96. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.019
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    A strain CD6 from Huanghai sea mud was identified as Raoultella terrigena according to its morphology,taxonomical properties and molecular characterization.The purified β-galactosidase was obtained through dialysis,ultrafiltration,and column chromatography.Researches on the β-galactosidase showed that its optimal temperature was 25℃ and it was defined as cold-activity enzyme.
  • Su Yu-jie, Xu Zhen-zhen, Qiao Li-Wen, Yang Yan-jun
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 97-101. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.037
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    The effect of homogenizing treatment on protein solubility,foaming properties,emulsifying properties and gel strength of liquid whole egg(LWE) and specific volume of sponge cake produced by LWE were investigated.The results showed that foaming stability and gel strength of LWE were improved when the pressure of homogenizing treatment was increased from 5 to 40 MPa.Foaming capacity,emulsifying activity of LWE and specific volume of sponge cake were decreased when the pressure of homogenizing treatment was increased.Effect of homogenizing treatment on emulsifying stability was complicated.Protein solubility of LWE does not change significantly after homogenizing treatment.Proper pressure of homogenizing treatment should be chosen for the needs of different functional properties of LWE in application.
  • Gu Yang-juan, Li Jie, Li Fu-wei, Bao Jian-qiang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.038
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    Orthogonal tests with collagen extraction rate and gel strength as dependent variables were conducted to ascertain the optimum conditions of heat treatment of fish scale jelly from grass carp fish processed by no pre-treatment,acid pre-treatment and enzymatic pre-treatment.The results showed that with extraction temperatures of 100℃ and extraction time of 2h,the ratio of fish scale to water was 1∶ 4.With acid pre-treatment,the ratio was 1∶ 5.The pH of water was 6 for no pre-treatment.This extraction temperature and extraction time could be used for processing fish scale jelly from different kinds of fish.However,the ratio of fish scale to water should be adjusted based on different collagen contents of different fish scales.Three different fish scale jellies processed in their respective optimum conditions had no significant differences in gel strength.They were also softer,smoother and more elastic in texture than the ordinary fruit jelly with fruit taste.Fish scale jelly processed by enzymatic pre-treatment had the highest collagen mass concentration,while no pre-treatment yield the highest viscosity and the best texture.Acid pre-treatment processing had the highest yield.The gelling temperatures and melting temperatures showed that fish scale jellies should be cooled below 10℃ and preserved under 20℃.These results provide a reference for the development of fish scale jelly.
  • Xuan Li, Liu Chang-jiang, Liu Yang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 109-113. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.006
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    Actinidia arguta polysaccharide extracted by microwave was purified and the antioxidant activities of different fractions were measured.One water elution fraction and three brine elution fractions were separated using a DEAE anion-exchange column,SephadexG-100.SephadexG-200 column were used for further purification.The results indicated the four fractions were homogeneous and did not contain protein.The results of antioxidant activity indicated Actinidia arguta polysaccharide had definite scavenging effects on DPPH· and ·OH,and the scavenging effects on O-2·were indistinctive;antioxidant activity of brine elution fractions were obviously stronger than water elution fraction;the IC50 scavenging DPPH· and ·OH of 0.1 NaCl elution fraction,0.2 NaCl elution fraction,0.3 NaCl elution fraction and Vc were 0.57 mg/mL,1.61 mg/mL,1.18 mg/mL,0.03 mg/mL and 1.5 mg/mL,5.6 mg/mL,2.7 mg/mL,0.2 mg/mL,respectively;0.1 NaCl elution fraction was the main antioxidant activity component in Actinidia arguta polysaccharide.
  • Chen Zu-man
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 114-116. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.039
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    "Big Ten" mulberry was the raw materials,the scientific blending and carefully processing produced a nutrient enriched instant tea.Through a series of single factor and orthogonal test,the best formula of mulberry instant tea and optimum conditions were obtained.The results showed 20% maltodextrin was the best drying agent.By spray-drying method,the optimum parameters were: nebulizer nozzle speed 30 000 r/min,the material feeded speed 40 r/min,inlet and outlet temperature 180/80℃.The mulberry instant tea formula was: original fruit juice content70%,sugar acid ratio 20∶ 1,sugar content 8.0%.
  • Guo Li-dong, Yang Li-jie, Huo Gui-cheng
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 117-122. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.040
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    As a main source of probiotic bacteria,lactic acid bacteria could promote health benefits on the host,such as hypocholesterolemic effect,which was paid more and more attention in recent years.In the past half of century,several strains of genus of lactic acid bacteria,including Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Enterococcus,were selected for their cholesterol-lowering ability,and confirmed in experimental animals or human volunteers.However,the mechanism of cholesterol-lowering was still not clear to lactic acid bacteria.The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview on the possible mechanisms of cholesterol-lowering effects of lactic acid bacteria,and to describe its future prospects of current problem.It's also a reference of lactic acid bacteria for further research and development.
  • Ji Hua, , Chen Yan, Liu Xiu-mei, Fu Ping, Li Zhi-gang, Li Jing-guang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 123-127. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.041
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    Vibrio vulnificus is gram-negative halophilic bacteria that naturally occur in warm estuarine water and marine environment worldwide.It is recognized as the important cause of human food borne disease associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood.The most common clinical presentation of food borne V.vulnificus infection is primary septicemia,with an average mortality rate exceeding 50%.In this review,researches on biological characteristics,control measures and risk assessment of V.vulnificus were outlined.
  • Sun Li-hui, Zhang Guo-hai, Li Ming-gang, Zheng Yu-guo
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 128-134. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.021
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    S-Adenosylmethionine(SAM),an activity substance in living organisms,is generally known as a biological methyl donor in reactions catalyzed by methyltransferases.SAM can also provide group sources including sulfur groups,amino groups and ribosyl groups in many biosynthetic processes.Moreover,SAM is used as signal molecule to regulate metabolism in microorganism.The minor change of SAM concentration in the cells can result in a significant affections on the synthesis of microbial secondary metabolites and cell differentiation This review described the metabolic pathways of SAM in organism and relative genes as well as the regulation mechanism on the microbial secondary metabolites.
  • Shao Ming-fei, Zhao Nan, Liu Bing, Qin Song
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 135-139. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.013
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    Phycocyanin,a natural blue dye,has been widely used in food,cosmetics,medicine,and molecular probes due to its physiological properties such as anti-oxidant,radical scavenging,immunology improving,and hepatocyte protection.Without a stable-effective-economic system,the production of phycocyanin in large scale will not be realized.This paper summarizes several powerful technologies developed rapidly in recent years.The purpose is to offer some references for the study of how to produce phycocyanin effectively.
  • Huang Zhi-cheng, Tang Bing, Zhong Jie-ping, Li Si-dong, Yang Zi-ming, Li Pu-wang *
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 140-145. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.022
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    In recent years,chitosan as a kind of natural materials for food preservation have been widely utilized in various food-packaging due to its excellent characteristics of biocompatibility,antibacterial property and film-processing ability.Based on the antibacterial mechanism of chitosan film materials,the researches and applications of chitosan films in recent years were summarized.In addition,the future development of chitosan film in food preservation was also prospected.
  • Sun Bing-xin, , Meng Shi, Feng Xu-qiao, *, Li Na, Xu Fang-xu
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 146-149. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.023
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    Based on the analysis of the present situation of food quality and safety from a macro point of view,countermeasures of strengthening the scientific research,enhancing the food quality and safety consciousness of consumers,food practitioners and regulatory personnel as well as establishing diversified supervision system have been proposed to further improve the level of food quality and safety in China.
  • Ju Ning, Xia Shu-hong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 150-155. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.042
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    Milk is nutritious and suitable for the growth of a variety of microorganism.This review introduces the types of microorganisms in raw milk.It focuses on the research progression of microbial diversity in raw milk in recent years.The application of Culture-independent microbiology on the study of microbial diversity in raw milk was summarized.Here,we will highlight the benefits associated with culture-independent methods which include enhanced sensitivity,rapidity and the detection of microorganisms not previously associated with such milk.
  • Tao Jing-lan, Lu Zhen-ming, Wang Zong-min, Li Guo-quan, Shi Jin-song, Xu Zhen-hong,
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 156-160. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.008
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    Variation of the functional microbes was quantitatively analyzed during the acetic acid fermentation process of Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar.Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) was applied to quantitatively analyze the variation of bacteria,fungi,Acetobacter,Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces during the acetic acid fermentation process in this study.Results showed that the biomass of bacteria,Acetobacter and Lactobacillus increased rapidly in the initial stage of fermentation(day 1-7),and reached the maximum on the 6th,7th and 4th day with the biomass were 3.37×1011,1.14×1010 and 3.37×1011 copies/g dry grains respectively,which followed by a gradually decent to a certain level with the fermentation performed.The biomass of fungi and Saccharomyces showed little change in the initial stage of fermentation,while the biomass of fungi decreased gradually to 7.59×104 copies/g dry grains from day 7 to day 18,and the biomass of Saccharomyces decreased rapidly to zero from day 8 to day 12.
  • Jing Hong-zhen, Luo Jian-fei, Lin Wei-tie, He Qing
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 161-167. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.043
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    This paper was focused on the evaluation of the feasibility and specificity of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) method in the detection of the total bacteria in Fast-frozen Dumplings,and the construction of a fast,accurate and convenient detection system.TAMRA-labeled EUB338 probe was used to optimize the FISH detective conditions,and eight kinds of Fast-frozen Dumplings samples were detected by FISH to test its effect.After the optimization,the ideal Fast-frozen Dumplings sample preparation conditions were obtained as follows: 2h thermal fixing-time,20min of 4% poly-formaldehyde fixing-time,and 5min of ethanol dehydration time.The hybridization conditions were as follows: hybridization at 46°C in 20% formamide for 3h,with the dilution concentration of 225mmol/L NaCl.The testing results suggested the total amounts of bacteria from 2 samples out of 8 were exceeding the Food-standard.FISH can be effective for the detection of the total number of bacteria in the Fast-frozen Dumplings,which will provide more theoretical support for the food safety detection.
  • Zhang Teng, He Yin-feng
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 168-173. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.044
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    To explore that if the Enterococcus durans SQ-3-2 produces the quorum-sensing signal autoinducer-2 by utilizing a biological assay and optimize the test condition at the same time.The experiment employed a bioluminescent bacterial reporter strain called Vibrio harveyi BB170,which produces light in response to AI-2.We collected the cell-free culture fluids and added them to the V.harveyi BB170 reporter strain.The resulting light production was measured using a luminometer or scintillation counter.AI-2 activity was deduced according to the induction of luminescence of V.harveyi BB170.The fluorescence of the V.harveyi increased after adding the cell-free culture fluids of E.durans SQ-3-2 and based on the fluorescence intensity of different sample experiment condition was optimized.We found that the E.durans SQ-3-2 produces the quorum-sensing signal AI-2.With the increase of cell density,concentration of signaling molecule AI-2 increased and the maximum value was reached in logarithmic period.Optimal testing condition was sample pH=7 and sample ratio of 1∶ 100.Experiment lays the foundation to further study of function of AI-2 from E.durans SQ-3-2.At the same time,the optimized experimental conditions for detection of quorum-sensing signal AI-2 of various kinds of lactic acid bacteria is the experimental foundation.
  • Du Shu, Yue Xi-qing, Wu Jun-rui, Sun Xin
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 174-176. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.045
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    The research object of the study was Chinese naturally fermented sauerkraut.The contents and kinds of free amino acids in sauerkraut were determined by amino acid analyzer.The results showed that Chinese naturally fermented sauerkraut were rich in 17 kinds of free amino acids.The total content was 635mg/L.The free amino acid with highest content was Thr,followed by Alu,Ala,Ser,Val and Asp.Chinese sauerkraut contained 7 kinds of essential amino acids and their content were 41.37% of the total amount.The 17 kinds of flavour amino acids played an important role in formation of Chinese sauerkraut flavor.
  • Yuan Xiao-dan, Ma Yong-kun, Wang Xing, Ma Hui, Deng Na-na, Xu Wei
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 177-181. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.046
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    In order to investigate the effect of high pressure processing(HPP) on aroma compounds of mulberry wine,samples of mulberry wine were treated at 200,400 and 600MPa respectively for 20min,and the aroma compounds were evaluated by sensory analysis and Solid-phase microextraction(SPME) combined with Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method.The results showed that HPP had no significant effect on the categories of aroma compounds.However,the contents of different aroma components were varied in different degrees.After treatment at 400 MPa for 20 min,the contents of alcohols and esters were increased by 1.27% and 15.21% respectively,while acids and aldehydes were respectively decreased by 14.21% and 12.06%.It indicated that HPP could not only promote the esterification of acids and alcohols and the oxidation of aldehydes,but also improve the flavor of mulberry wine and accelerate aging.The results of sensory evaluation demonstrated that mulberry wine treated at 400 MPa for 20min had a typical mulberry flavor,which matched well with the GC-MS analysis results.
  • Dong Liang, Zhang Xiao, Piao Yong-zhe, Hou Ying-min, Shi Zhong-ping, Zhao Chang-xin
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 182-185. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.009
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    In this paper,volatile compounds identified from malt were investigated by solid phase microextraction(SPME) combine with GC-MS.A total of thirty-one volatiles had great contribution to brewing malt flavor,including thirteen aldehydes,seven alcohols,two ketones,one acid and eight other compounds.The amounts of 3-methylbutanal,2-methylbutanal and hexanal,commonly considered as key odorants in barley and malt,were 26.31%,24.69% and 12.87% respectively.
  • Tang Pan-pan, Li Shi-yan, Zhang Hong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 186-191. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.010
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    In this paper,the components of fatty acid from five kinds of animal oil,vegetable oil,swill oil and their refined oil were analyzed.The swill oil was detected by using the index of unsaturated fatty acid(U/S)、the contain of short chain fat acid、tridecoic acid、heptadecylic acid and odd carbon fatty acid as the endogenous substance of the swill oil.The result shows that the common edible oil could be distinguished from swill oil comparing by those three testing indexes.This method were effectively and quickly to reduce the misjudgments.
  • Du Jun-liang, You Hai-xia, Hu Yang, Wang Xiu-feng
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 192-195. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.007
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    A new method for determination of trace manganese(Ⅱ) in honey by flame atomic absorption spectrometry combined with cloud point extraction was developed.The cloud point extraction system was based on TritonX-100 as surfactant and 8-Oxyquinoline as complexing agent.The parameters affecting cloud point extraction,including pH,extraction temperature,time,ionic strength,dosage of extraction agent and complexing agent were investigated and optimized.Under the optimum conditions,a good linear relationship was observed for manganese(Ⅱ) in the range of 100-700 ng/mL with the detection limit of 5.74 ng/mL and the relative standard deviations of 1.68%(n=11).The recoveries were in the range of 97.3%-98.6%.The method was rapid,accurate,simple and suitable to apply in the determination of manganese(Ⅱ) in honey.
  • Long Shun-rong, Zhou Yong, Li Ming-hao, Tan Jin-pin, Yang Xiao-yun
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 196-199. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.047
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    Survey and analysis of fermented food contamination with ethyl carbamate(EC) were carried out using GC/MS/MS with liquid-liquid extraction and matrix solid phase dispersion extraction as pretreatment method.There were 343 EC positive samples among the 437 fermented foods,and the positive rate was 78.49%.The results showed that fruit wine had highest positive rate of 100%,and the positive rates of soy sauce,vinegar and yellow wine were inferior to fruit wine with 98.17%,86.67% and 78.83%,respectively.The lowest positive rate of beer was not detected.The wine with the highest averages of EC was yellow wine with 90.4 μg/L,followed by health care wine with 62.9 μg/L.The wine with the lowest average was wine with 7.6 μg/L.The average contents of condiments in soy sauce and vinegar were 84.1 μg/kg and 76.2 μg/kg,respectively.The average content of baking foods in bread was 24.3 μg/kg.The results showed that the yellow wine,soy sauce and vinegar had relatively higher average content and positive rate,therefore fermented food contamination must be emphasized in further research and supervision.
  • Ding Yu-ting, Hu Huang, Lu Fei, Liu Lin
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 200-204. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.024
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    Brining is the key technology during duck marinating.The effect of atmospheric pressure brining(APB),vacuum brining(VB),and pulsed vacuum brining(PVB)on the salt content,water content,total weight,FFA,myoglobin,color,shearing force and muscle degeneration temperature were studied.During the brining process,moisture content,salt content,weight,free amino acids content,shearing force,value a* and b* of VB and PVB were significantly higher than these of APB samples(P<0.05).However,the metmyoglobin content were significantly lower than that of APB.The total weight of VB were significantly higher than that of PVB,but no significant difference for other indicators between VB and PVB.In conclusion,the vacuum brining showed better effect on meat quality of brining duck.
  • Liu Qiao-yu, Bai Wei-dong, Huang Min, Chen Hai-guang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 205-212. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.025
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    To explore the application of the vacuum tumbling technique on water-braised beef,the effects of vacuum tumbling parameters,including vacuum degree,rotation rates,tumbling time,loading capacities,beef temperature and static curing time on the contents of major compounds,sensory ratings,color,PTA textural attributes and products yields were analyzed.The higher qualities and yield was obtained when beef was tumbled as the followings: temperature of the beef 0-5℃,3.3% salt and 0.1% pepper was put into the vacuum roller with load capacity of 60%,tumbled at 4 r/min for 15min at 6 kPa for 10 min.The tumbling was repeated once by adding 1.3% onion juice,1.2% celery juice,2.5% carrot juice and 1.8% Erguotou liquor into the roller.The tumbled beef was soaked for 12 h at 0-5℃ after taken from the roller.
  • Yu Li-mei, Liu Zhao-xia, Wu Jie
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 213-217. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.026
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    The effect of different postharvest treatments on mangosteen fruit at room temperature(1%sodium alginate and 1%chitosan coating) on cell metabolites and lignification substrate of mangosteen shell was studied.The results show that superoxide anion,malondialdehyde(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide content of mangosteen shell increased during storage.At the 15 days of storage,malondialdehyde content increased by 94.4%,67.0%and38.9% after the treatment of 1%sodium alginate and 1%chitosan coating treatment.Soluble sugar and total phenolic content were first increased and then dropped.The coating treatment can significantly reduce the cell metabolites of mangosteen shell.It also reduced VC and total sugar content,slow down nutrient consumption and inhibit the decay of fruit.
  • Chi Hai Yang Feng, Yang Xian-shi Li Xue-ying
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 218-222. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.027
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    Technological parameter of preservative on Antarctic krill was optimized using response surface methodology,based on concentration of preservative,soaking period and temperature as well as sensory evaluation and storage period as testing indexes.The optimal technological parameters were preservatives concentration 21.80 g/L,soaking temperature 6.1 ℃ as and soaking time 6.56 min.Under the above condition,the practical comprehensive score was the highest and was close to the theoretical value,which exhibited the model was selected correctly.In addition,the optimal technological parameter was verified by testing texture analysis,color and muscle slice.The experimental results exhibited that the qualities of Antarctic krill in verification group was much better than control group,which meant that technological parameters played roles in qualities control.
  • Lv Fei, Zhang Bi-na, Ding Yu-ting
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 223-226. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.002
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    Effect of modified air packaging with 40% CO2 + 60% N2 or 100%CO2,vacuum packaging and air condition packaging on the total viable counts(TVC),total volatile base nitrogen(TVB-N),pH value,shear force,color and sensory evaluation of marinated shrimp was studied.As compared with vacuum packaging and air condition packaging,40% CO2/60% N2 or 100%CO2 modified atmosphere packaging displayed better effects on maintaining the shrimp quality with lower TVC and TVB-N value,higher sensory score.The shear force and color changes were smaller than that of vacuum packaging and air condition packaging samples.But with the storage time increase,the volume of CO2 decreased obviously in 100% CO2 packaging and shrimp showed undesirability appearance.Therefore,it's better to select 40% CO2+ 60% N2 packaging for marinated shrimp.
  • Qiu Miao, Yang Cheng, Jiang Heng-jun, Chen Qun-chao, Huang Jian-ying
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 227-232. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.028
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    The quality of 0.50% water-soluble chitosan(WSC) and carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC) coatings on postharvest green asparagus which were stored at 2℃ was investigated.Base on the data of sensory evaluation,weight loss percentage,the contents of ascorbic acid,chlorophyll,malonaldehyde(MDA),total phenolic and polyphenoloxidase(PPO),peroxidase(POD),super oxygen dehydrogenises(SOD) activity testing,both 0.50% WSC and CMC treatments could dramatically retard the decrease of weight loss,firmness,the loss of chlorophyll and ascorbic acid during the storage.Moreover,0.50% CMC treatment not only could keep the total phenolics content,but restrain the changes of PPO,POD,and SOD activity,presenting better quality of asparagus than the control during the cold storage,and prolong the shelf life of postharvest green asparagus to 35 days.
  • Li Ya-na
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 233-236. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.029
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    The effect of mixing chitosan/nano-ZnO coating with different content of nano-ZnO on quality of cherry tomato was studied.The SEM pictures showed that the nanoparticles had a better dispersion in chitosan matrix at a relative low content of 1% and 2%.However,the aggregation of nanoparticles occurred when the content of nano-ZnO was up to 3wt%.The chitosan/nano-ZnO coating with 1% content of nano-ZnO had a better preservation effect on improving the sensory quality,decreasing the weight loss,Vc and acid content of cherry tomato.In contrast,the chitosan/nano-ZnO coating(2% and 3% content of nano-ZnO) showed little fresh-keeping effect on cherry tomato.
  • Bian Hong-xia, Tu Peng
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 237-240. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.003
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    The room temperature storage time on the influence of dielectric parameters of red globe grape were studied with parallel-plate electrode system in the rang of 50 Hz-1 MHz.The results show that with the increase of frequency the electric conductance and equivalent parallel capacitance increase and the equivalent impedance decrease and the loss coefficient and quality factor in 25 kHZ reached Minimum and maximum respectively.In the same frequency,the equivalent impedance and quality factor decrease and equivalent parallel capacitance,loss coefficient and the electric conductance increase with storage time increasing.Analysis the above result shows that the room temperature storage time on the electrical characteristics of red globe grape is bigger,and there is a strong correlation between the electrical characteristics parameters and electric field frequency.
  • Liu Hui-qing, Zhou Chun-xia, Hong Peng-zhi, Wang-Ying
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 241-246. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.004
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    Hot-water fish protein(HFP),enzymatic fish protein(EFP),acid soluble fish protein(AFP) and alkaline soluble fish protein(ALFP) were prepared by heating extraction,enzyme hydrolysis,acid/alkaline solubilization-isoelectric precipitation from Tilapia head.Nutritional characteristics,solubility and emulsifying properties of these proteins were determined.The protein content of ALFP and AFP was found to be 89.97% and 85.87%,respectively.Total essential amino acids were about 49.72% and 48.63% of the total amino,respectively.The content of crude fat and ash and degree of whiteness of these proteins are significantly lower than that of HFP or EFP(P<0.05).In the pH range 2.0 to 10.0,EFP and HFP were found to have a high solubility of > 93%,at the same time,a low emulsifying activity and less stability were observed.In contrast,solubility of AFP and ALFP is very sensitive to pH.In pH range 4.0 to 6.0,their solubility and emulsifying properties were poor,but these properties are greatly improved when pH is in the range of 4.0 to 6.0.The emulsifying activity index and emulsifying stability index of AFP and ALFP were significantly higher than that of HFP and EFP.These results indicated that fish protein having better nutritional characteristics and emulsifying properties could be prepared by acid/alkaline solubilization-isoelectric precipitation.
  • Tao Ali, Dai Yi, Hua Fang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2013, 39(02): 247-249. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2013.02.011
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    Flavonoids in Sweet-scented osmanthus are abundant,and have diversified biological activities.The extraction rate of total flavonoids was determined by orthogonal design and the patterns of dynamic accumulation of total flavonoids in Sweet-scented osmanthus collected from different harvest times were investigated.The results showed the optimum extractions were: A3B3C3D2.There is a fluctuation between the total contents of flavonoids in Sweet-scented osmanthus collected on September 13th and September 22th.The highest yield of total flavonoids was obtained on September 19th.It will provide a reference to the development of Sweet-scented osmanthus.