25 June 2011, Volume 37 Issue 06
    

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    Food and Fermentation Industries
  • Shen Wei, Yu Ling, Chen Xian-zhong, Fan You, Wang Zheng-xiang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.001
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    The gene encoding maltogenic amylase was fused with signal peptide gene encoding amylase of Bacillus licheniformis by overlapping PCR.The fused gene(BlMa) was ligated with an expression vector of Bacillus,pHY-P43.B1Ma transforms Bacillus subtilis directly and results in the recombinant plasmid pHY-P43-BlMa.Bacillus subtilis 1A717 which is deficient in amylase was selected as expression host.The recombinant strain was designated as Bacillus subtilis / pHY-P43-BlMa.Enzyme activity assay and SDS-PAGE showed that recombinant maltogenic amylase of B.licheniformis(BlMa enzyme)expressed by B.subtilis / pHY-P43-BlMa was secreted into medium.High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) identified that major hydrolysate of starch catalyzed by BlMa enzyme was maltose.Culture condition of Bacillus subtilis / pHY-P43-BlMa in flask scale was optimized for production of BlMa enzyme,the optimized medium was: 10 % corn starch,2.5 % cotton seed protein,0.3 %(NH4)2SO4,0.03 % CaCl2 and 0.1 % NaH2PO4.The maximum enzyme activity under optimized condition reached 5.9 U/mL.
  • Meng Jian-zong, Liang Lian-hua, Zhou Li-qin, Luo Zhao-fei, Wang Qing-yan
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 6-10. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.002
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    A β-amylase gene from Clostridium thermosulfurogenes was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL 21-SI.The influences of cell density at induction,temperature,and NaCl concentration were studied.The optimum condition of induction was at cell density of OD600,=0.6,temperature of 35 ℃,and NaCl concentration of 0.6M.The expression of recombinant β-amylase reached 118U/ mL in a 20L batch culture.In a 20L pH-Stat fed-batch culture,the cell density and enzyme activity were 2.35 times and 6.12 times of those obtained in batch culture.The soluble starch was converted to maltose by recombinant β-amylase and the conversion ratio was 62.2% after 3h reaction at 70℃.
  • Cao Fu-ming, Zhang Jian-hua, Liu Zhong-hua, Zhang Hong-jian, Mao Zhong-gui
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 11-15. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.029
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    GASCP was produced from the isoelectric liquor by evaporative crystallization process,in which a large amount of impurities such as pigments,(NH4)2SO4 remained.This made the product cannot be further purified to produce MSG.The solution mediated transformation(SMT) of L-glutamic acid is one of the ways to improve the quality of the GASCP.The effects of temperature,pH,ratio of GASCP/water and the use of activated carbon on the SMT of GASCP were investigated.Based on the researches,the ideal conditions for SMT of GASCP were determined as follows: temperature was 95℃,pH 4.5,the ratio of GASCP/water was 1∶ 2.5,the mount of activated carbon was 1%.
  • Shu Rui-hua, Lu Shi-ling, Xu Xing-lian
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 16-20,24. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.004
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    Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are the main β-phenylethylamine and tyramine-producing bacteria.In this study,we cultured Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium by different ratio in one medium.During 48hs' cultivation we found that: when the inoculation ratio of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium was 1∶ 9,the pH value,bacteria population and tyramine production were obviously higher than other tested ratios;Enterococcus faecalis has a great capacity for producing β-phenylethylamine while the capacity of Enterococcus faecium was not so great.When Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were inoculated together,the β-phenylethylamine-producing capacity of Enterococcus faecium was not affected while that of Enterococcus faecalis was decreased.
  • Wang Wei, Hu Liang, Zhang Li, Xiao Ze-yi, Wu Yong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 21-24. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.014
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    A silicone rubber membrane bioreactor with cell dilution for ethanol fermentation has been built based on in-situ gravitational settling and pervaporation.Stable ethanol fermentation was maintained for 170h using Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a cell dilution rate of 0.05 h-1.Dilution effect of cell by gravitational settling of yeasts was counterbalanced by natural cell growth,resulting in a stable cell concentration of 5 g/L in the bioreactor.Ethanol productivity in the membrane bioreactor reached 1.63 g/(L·h) during continuous fermentation.The cell-specific productivity of continuous fermentation in the membrane bioreactor with cell dilution was increased by 31% in comparison with that in a counterpart with close cell circulation.
  • Fu Chun-rong, Zhao Hong-wei, Liu Li-mei, Di Shan-shan, Huang Liang, Fang Wei-mao
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 25-28. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.003
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    The research aimed to discuss the effects of Vitamin B on cell growth,Hydrogen productivity with simulated wastewater by Rhodopseudomonas palustris.The hydrogen production and wastewater treatment conditions were investigated using the basic medium supplemented with different kinds of vitamin B.The results showed that vitamin B has an impact on the cell growth of Rhodopseudomonas palustris,hydrogen productivity and simulated wastewater treatment capacity.The results based on the hydrogen production suggested that the contrast group,which has not any vitamin B,was the minimum volume of hydrogen,and the cumulative yield was 57.88mL/L.The results also showed that VB2 was beneficial to produce hydrogen,the yield was 83.25mL/L when lacking of VB2,while it was 128.83mL/L when adding all kinds of vitamin B.The yield of 337.43mL/L when lacking of VB4 showed that VB4 inhibited hydrogen production.As for the wastewater treatment,only the vitamin B complex has highest COD removal rate of 64.706%.
  • Yang Yong, Zhang Xue-mei, Cheng Yan, Liu Shu-liang, Li Cheng, Qin Wen, Pu Biao
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 29-34. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.005
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    A total of 242 strains of Micrococcaceae and Staphylococcus were isolated from Sichuan natural fermented sausages.80 strains which have high nitrate reduction properties were selected by a fast semi-quantitative plate assay method.Different experiments were carried out according to the common selection criteria of starter culture and aroma production.Two strains of Staphylococcus named S15 and S25 were obtained with the ability to produce catalase.GC-MS analysis showed that only S25 produced 3-methyl-butanal from leucine under the experimental conditions.S25 was identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus by its biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences.
  • Zhou Fang-fang, Wu Zheng-jun, Chen Chen The Technology Center of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 00 , China)
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 35-38. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.018
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    Space mutation was carried out with an exopolysaccharide(EPS)-producing strain,Lactobacillus casei LC2W,by spaceship carried experiment of manned spacecraft Shenzhou-7.Three high-yielding EPS strains,LC2W-1,LC2W-2 and LC2W-3,had been screened out and also showed good genetic stability after cultivated for 10 generations.The fermentation conditions of LC2W-1 were optimized by means of single factor tests and orthogonal tests.The optimum conditions for synthesis of EPS by LC2W-1 were as follows: adding 4% glucose and 0.6% yeast extract into the skimmed milk medium and cultured at 33℃for 26h.Under these conditions,the yield of EPS could reach(276.76±7.34) mg/L,which was increased by 44.54% and 104.93% compared with that produced by the mutant and original strain,respectively.
  • Lian Xiao-wei, Peng Xi-chun
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 39-41. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.019
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    Oligosaccharide can be fermented at human colon by gut microbes to produce short chain fatty acids.This paper took isomalto-oligosaccharide(IMO) as carbon source to in vitro ferment with different gut microbiota that come from human feces.samples were collected at different time during fermentation to determine the volume and the types of short chain fatty acids.The results show that all of Bifidobacterium,Bacteroides,Enterobacteria,Lactobacillus and Enterococcus can utilize IMO to produce short chain fatty acids that are healthy for human body,but their volume and types are different.After 12 h fermentation,the volume of acetic acid is the most than other acids and however butyric acid and isobutyric acid are too little to determine.
  • Geng Hao, Liu Yun-Ling, Ma Chao, Wang Chang, Song Chun-xia
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 42-46. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.020
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    Extracted collagen from integument of Asterias amurensis.Prepared Asterias amurensis Collagen Peptides(AACPs) using different enzymes,and investigated antioxidative activity of the AACPs both in vivo and in vitro.Method: The collagen was hydrolyzed by six different kind of enzymes in their optimal conditions.The best enzyme was determined according to AACPs' ability of free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation effect on rabbit liver.Orthogonal experiment was used to determine the optimum hydrolyzed condition.An acute ethanol-induced oxidative stress mice model was established and was used to evaluated the antioxidant ability of AACPs with the sample that has the highest activity(7d,ig).The activity of SOD,GSH-PX and content of MDA in liver were tested in this study.Result: AACP hydrolyzed with papain has the highest anti-oxidative activity in vitro.Compared with ethanol group,medium-dose and high-dose AACPs significantly reduced the content of MDA(P < 0.01) and increase the activity of SOD(P < 0.05) and GSH-PX(P < 0.01) in liver of mice.Conclusion: Papain was chosen as the best enzyme for producing Asterias amurensis collagen peptides and the obtained AACPs have obvious anti-oxidative activity both in vitro and vivo.
  • Zheng Hui-na, Zhang Chao-hua, Ji Hong-wu, Qin Xiao-ming, Cao Wen-hong, Liu Shu-cheng
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 47-50. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.006
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    The meat of Pinctada martensii,which is rich in protein,is the aquatic low-value byproduct.In this study,a high Fischer ratio oligopeptides mixture(PHFP) was obtained using gel filtration chromatography combined with activated carbon adsorption from pancreatin hydrolysate.The PHFP was separated by HPLC,the molecular weight distribution of PHFP and separated fractions were analyzed by ESI-MS,and the amino acids compositions were further studied.The results indicated that the molecular weight distribution of PHFP was between 150~1000 u,among the three separated fractions-PHFPa,PHFPb and PHFPc,the content of BCAA in PHFPb and PHFPc increased to 30.2% and 29.5%.The content of PHFPa,PHFPb and PHFPc in total PHFP is 41.3%,38.8% and 19.7% respectively in this study.
  • Guo Yuan-xin, Song Yu, Yang Run-qiang, Chen Hui, Gu Zhen-xin
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 51-55. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.007
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    The changes and correlation of physiological activities,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) and other essential substances in germinating soybean in germinating soybean were investigated in this study.It is indicated from the result that with the increase of culture temperature and time,the shoot growth and respiration rate of the germinating soybean are enhanced,the contents of soluble sugar decrease and the content of reducing sugar,soluble protein,free amino acids and GABA increased.The content of dry matter presented the downward trend along with culture time.Correlation analysis revealed,on the one hand,that the GABA accumulation has a significant positive correlation(P<0.01) with sprout length(r=0.888),respiratory rate(r=0.917),soluble protein(r=0.878),free amino acid(r=0.943),on the other hand,has a negative correlation with content of dry matter(r=–0.915).By comprehensive consideration of quality and GABA accumulation of germinated soybean,the suitable germinating condition for high GABA germinated soybean was dark culture for 5 d at 30 °C.
  • Jiang Qian-qian, Tian Yao-qi, Xu Xue-ming, Jin Zheng-yu
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 56-59. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.030
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    Retrogradation properties of normal and waxy rice starch gels prepared by conventional heating,microwave heating and ultrasonic-microwave synergistic heating were investigated in this study.Our results showed that non-waxy rice starch was more susceptible to heat treatments.During the same period,the retrogradation rate,the changes of gel strength,and the hydrolysis degree of normal rice starch gelatinized by microwave and ultrasonic-microwave synergistic heating were significantly slower than that by conventional heat.The results also found that the microstructure of non-waxy rice starch gels obtained from microwave and ultrasonic-microwave synergistic heat treatments was denser.The retardation mechanism of microwave heating and ultrasonic-microwave synergistic heating on starch retrogradation is probably due to the less broken granules and lower leached amylose.
  • Fan Miao, Chi Yu-jie, Jiang Jian, Wang Di, Wang Xi-bo
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 60-64. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.021
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    In order to increase gel strength of the final products,soy protein isolate was covalent modified by glucose.Based on single factor experiment,soy protein isolate covalent modification conditions were optimized in Box-Behnken model.The gel strength of the complexes under various conditions were identified and analyzed.The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were: the augmenter of glucose was 1.0%,reaction temperature was 60℃,reaction time was 50min.The gel strength could reach to 1 865.02g which increased 20% compared with the unmodified soy protein isolate.Experiment proves that the modification technology was effective and significantly improved the gel strength of soy protein isolate.
  • Ran Xin-yan, Dong Hai-zhou, Liu Chuan-fu, Lu Rui
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 65-68. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.031
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    Corn flour were mixed with defatted peanut flour at different ratio.After extruding,their functional characteristics and interrelation of each analyzed index were studied.The results indicated that,the radial expansion ratio and water injectivity index decreased with the increase of fraction of defatted peanut flour.Meanwhile the color was gradually darken.However,water soluble index was increased with the increase of defatted peanut flour.When defatted peanut flour reached to 25%,the gelatinisation degree of extrusion productions had the maximum value(98.92%),and better WAI and WSI.The mathematic models of each analyzed index were obtained.
  • Wang Jiao, Wang Shu, Zhang Zhao-li, Guo Zhu-jie
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 69-73. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.032
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    Apple cloudy juice was clarified and sterilized by plate ultrafiltration separation technology.The influence of pasteurization,enzymes and temperature on the flux of the membrane were studied.Three different apple juice were used in the experiment: apple juice with pasteurization and enzyme hydrolysis,apple juice with pasteurization but no enzyme hydrolysis,apple juice without pasteurization and enzyme hydrolysis.The ultrafiltration combination,operating parameters on the filtration quality of the three different materials were studied.The effect of reverse osmosis system was also discussed.The results showed that plate ultrafiltration membrane flux is much more than pipe ultrafiltration membrane and meets the industrial demand.The best operating temperature of ultrafiltration membrane is 50℃.When water is at 0.09 times,the liquid of the concentration factor can reach more than 20 times.Analytical results showed that: the transmittance of the filtration of apple juice was over 97%,color value was above 50%,turbidity was less than 0.3.There is no much difference among pH,acidity,sugar,soluble solid and amino nitrogen content before and after filtration.From the quality of apple juice and heat-resistant bacteria examination results,our conclusion is that the plate ultrafiltration membrane can substitute the pasteurization and enzyme hydrolysis.Ultrafiltration of apple juice was concentrated by reverse osmosis system by 2~2.3 times;sugar retention rate is 100%.
  • Wang Su-ying, Tian Li-dan, Shen Ya-wei, Li Feng
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 74-77. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.022
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    H/C(transparent circle diameter/colony diameter) taken as indicator,nine protease-producing strains were isolated from the Japanese traditional natto food,which cultured in soybean milk powder mixed with milk powder.Folin-phenol method used for detecting the protease activity of the fermented supernatant,and the highest protease activity strain H2 was selected,which was identified as Bacillus subtilis sub.natto according to morphological and physiological characteristics.In order to investigate the effect of initial medium pH,temperature,broth content,inoculation amount and seed age on protease activity of H2 strain,single factor experiment has been done.The results showed that the best conditions were: initial medium pH7,incubation temperature 40 ℃,broth content 40 mL/250 mL,3% inoculation amount and seed age 25h.
  • Tian Guo-jun, Shang Yan-yan, Huang Ze-yuan
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 78-81. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.033
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    In order to improve productive technology of traditional cured fish and study the species and characteristics of dominant lactic acid bacterial strains,25 bacterial strains are isolated from traditional cured fish using differential medium.According to results of physiological and biochemical experiments,properties of strains are examined.4 dominant strains are identified,which are Lb.casei subsp.casei,Lb.delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus,Lb.farciminis and Lb.delbrueckii subsp.lactis.Acidogenicity and growth characteristics of the strains within 24 hours are also studied.
  • Li Lei, Zhuang Ze-juan, Duan Shan, Lui Si-ya, Lin Rui-jun
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 82-86. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.034
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    The paper aimed to isolate epiphytic lactic acid bacteria from shrimp waste and to ferment shrimp waste with the isolated bacteria to recover protein and chitin.A strain of bacteria,which was easy to grow and produced much lactic acid in shrimp waste was isolated and identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus,and the bacteria was named as SW01.The fermentation condition was researched and determined as follows: using fresh shrimp waste as raw material,adding 15% glucose and 50% water,adjusting the initial pH to 7.0,fermenting at 40℃ for 72 h.Under these conditions,the lowest pH reached 3.50,94.8% of the protein in shrimp waste was removed,and only 0.77% mineral remain in the residue.The purity of the residue reached the standard of food grade chitin.By this method,protein and chitin in shrimp waste were simultaneously recovered and scarcely any waste water and waste residue were discharged.
  • Jiang Zhao, Du Jin-hua, Sun Wen-tao, Zhu Min
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 87-91. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.035
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    In order to provide basis for the production and quality improvement of the sour maize pancake,effects of fermentation temperatures(15,20,25,30,and 35℃) on population of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts,pH value,and total acidity of spontaneously fermented maize mash were investigated;The optimum fermentation time at different temperatures were determined by the total acidity of sour maize pancake.The result showed that with the prolonging of the time,the pH value decreased from 5.62 ~ 6.94 to 3.30 ~ 3.80,and the total acidity increased to 3.89 g/kg ~ 16.14 g/kg.It also showed that the optimum fermentation time were 72~84 h,72~108 h,48~72 h,21~27 h,24~27 h.The lactic acid bacteria and the yeasts co-interacted,and the population of the lactic acid bacteria had the same tendency at the five temperatures,that is,remaining stable and then decreasing slightly after reaching the maximum value.The population of the yeasts reached the maximum and gradually decreased at both 30℃ and 35℃.During fermentation,It is seen that the population of the lactic acid bacteria was obviously more than that of the yeasts.
  • Liang Tao, Xu Xiao-qin, Huang Jin, Cai Jin, Xu Zhi-nan
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 92-97. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.023
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    Organic membranes were used to remove cells from deacetylated gellan gum by microfiltration.The performance of different organic membranes and the operating conditions such as feed concentration,temperature,pressure were studied.The optimum conditions were as follows: 3 g/L deacetylated gellan gum,pH 10,65℃,0.1MPa.The results showed that the cell removal and gellan gum recovery were 97% and 84%,respectively by microfiltration using PES membrane with a pore size of 0.45μm.The flux of foul membrane can be well recovered by washing the membrane with 0.75% HCl and 1% NaOH alternately.
  • Liao Guo-zhou, Wang Gui-ying, Xu Xing-lian, Zhou Guang-hong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 98-101. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.008
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    The effects of vitamin E,grape seed extracts and quercetin on HAAs formation in fried mutton patties were studied.Antioxidants were added directly to the surface of the patties before frying.Patties were fried at 200℃ for 10 min.HAAs were isolated by solid phase extraction and quantified by HPLC with DAD and FLD detection.Results showed that 10 HAAs were detected in fried mutton patties,the total amount of HAAs was up to 51.68 ng/g.Among them,9H-pyridoindole(Norharman),1-methyl-9H-pyrido indole(Harman) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-pyridine(PhIP) were detected at higher level in fried mutton patties.The concentrations of the two compounds were 19.66 ng/g,12.23 ng/g and 10.50 ng/g respectively.Compared to the control,Grape seed extracts at 0.5% levels significantly reduced the formation of IQ,MeIQx,4,8-DiMeIQx and PhIP by 36.65%,67.73%,35.63%and 30.00% respectively(P<0.05).Antioxidants did not effectively inhibit the formation of apolar HAAs in cooked mutton.
  • He Xue-jiao, Wang Hong-xin, Ma Chao-yang, Er Chao-juan
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 102-105. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.024
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    With β-mannanase,Konjac glucomannan(KGM) was enzymatic hydrolyzed to its degraded products with moderate viscosity,which improved the defects of high viscosity of commercial KGM used in food industry.The standard KGM products were also achieved.The optimum conditions for hydrolysis was temperature 55°C,KGM mass fraction 12%(prepared by deionized water),enzyme concentration 3.0U/g,hydrolysis time 120min.Under these conditions,the viscosity of hydrolysates was controlled in the range of 1 800~2 000 mPa·s,molecular weight distribution was 91.01% in the range of 105~107.The KGM after hydrolysis is still polysaccharide macromolecules due to limited enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • Wang Da-hui, Ge Xiao-guang, Wei Gong-yuan, Liu Zhi-kui
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 106-109. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.025
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    The effects of Na2SeO3 addition time and L-methione on the biomass,glutathione biosynthesis,intracellular glutathione content and selenium organic transformation rate during selenium-enriched Candida utilis preparation in a 5 L stirred fermentor were investigated.An effective culture strategy which involved L-methione addition at the beginning of cultivation(0 h) and Na2SeO3 addition after glucose consumption(15 h) was obtained with the aim of high organic selenium content and high intracellular glutathione content within the selenium-enriched C.utilis.Using this strategy,the selenium organic biotransformation rate can reach 87.5%.
  • Xu Da, Chen Hua-yong, Luo Ri-ming, Wang Wei-fei, Yang Bo
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 110-113. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.026
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    High purity conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) was prepared by means of urea adduct purification and conjugation by safflower oil.This paper is focused on two different synthesis methods:(1) alkaline catalysis-urea adduction fractionation,(2) saponification-urea adduction fractionation-alkaline catalysis.The processing parameters and the ratio of CLA isomers for each method were investigated.The result showed that the second method which was enriching linoleic acid(LA) first and then performing alkaline catalyzed conjugation was better.Under the optimal conditions,CLA of 97.22% purity was achieved;the total recovery of the product was 32.08%,the content of c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA were 45.14% and 49.12% respectively.
  • Pu Biao, Zhang Yao, Liu Yun, Liu Xing-yan
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 114-119. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.036
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    For optimization of component extraction from loquat wine by HP-SPME,the extraction conditions were investigated using single factor and response surface methodology based on Box-Benhnken centre design principles.The extraction temperature,extraction time and sample volume were used as affected factors while the total peak area of chromatogram as response value in this study.The results indicated that the optimum conditions for aroma components extraction from loquat wine by HP-SPME were obtained as followed: extraction temperature 38.0℃,extraction time 32.5min and sample volume 8.5mL.Under the above conditions,26 different compounds were identified.In the sample,the content of alcohols was 47.33%,of esters was 37.73%,of acids was 0.9% and of aldehydes was 0.32%.Among them,phenylethyl alcohol,1-nonanol,diethyl succinate,methyl salicylate,hexanoic acid,ethyl caprylate and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate were the main compounds.
  • Li Jun-lan, Yu Qun-li, Zhang Li, Guo Zhao-bin, Liu Liang-liang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 120-125. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.027
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    The purpose of this paper is to optimize the conditions for extraction of pancreatic enzyme from the ovine pancreas.With low concentration of isopropanol for extraction and high concentration of isopropanol for precipitant,the effects of activating time,precipitant concentration,extracting pH and amount of CaCl2 on pancreatin preparation were studied by the means of uniform design on the basis of a single factor experiment.With the extracting rates of trypsin,amylase and lipase as responding results,the factors for pancreatin preparation were optimized by partial least square(PLS) regression analysis.The results showed that the optimal processing conditions for preparation of sheep pancreatic enzymes: activating time 12h,precipitant concentration 41%,extracting pH 6.34 and CaCl2 0.08%.Under the conditions,activities of trypsin,amylase and lipase were 3 062.781u/g,30.06 ku/g,32.37 ku/g respectively and the extract rate was 6.16%.The relative errors of the model values were 8.11%,1.28%,3.55%,5.30%,respectively.These showed the suitability of the mathematical quadratic polynomial regression model and the rationality of PLS optimization results.
  • Wang Bi-ni, Cao Wei, Fan Ming-tao, Cheng Ni, Gao Hui, Deng Jian-jun
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 126-129. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.037
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    To evaluate the antioxidant activity of jujube,the total phenolic and flavanoid contents of extracts obtained by 80 % methanol(v/v) from different parts of jujube(pulp,seed and peel) are determined.the total antioxidant activity,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH·) scavenging activity and hydroxyl(·OH) radical scavenging activity are evaluated in vitro.The results indicate that the extracts of jujube peel showed higher total phenolic and flavanoid contents and the stronger total antioxidant power and DPPH· and ·OH scavenging activity than those from pulp and seed.Furthermore,the antioxidant activity are significantly correlated with total phenolic and flavanoid contents.
  • Song An-dong, Feng Xin-jun, Xie Hui, Ren Tian-bao
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 130-136. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.015
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    With the energy crisis growing worse,the development of renewable clean energy as alternative for fossil energy has been a major focus in scientific research.Fuel ethanol is one alternative energy source that has great potential.Fermentation of biomass-derived syngas into fuel ethanol is a new technology.In this article,advantages of the technology,the current situation of biomass gasification,microorganism of fermenting biomass-derived syngas into ethanol,the basic process and metabolic mechanism of the fermentation and industrialization are reviewed.The potential problems and suggestion in this area are also proposed.
  • Luo Qing-nan -, Zhao Guo-hua, Pang Jie, Wu Chun-hua, Deng Hai-Lin
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 137-140,145. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.028
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    Konjac Glucomannan is the main active components in Konjac and became a hot research topic in polysaccharides because of its rich bioactive function.In this paper,the structural characteristics,physicochemical properties,physiological function and applications are reviewed.Existing problems and prospects are put forward as well.It provides the theoretical and scientific foundation for the deep usage of KGM.
  • Yang Wei-jie, Xiao Geng-sheng, Tang Dao-bang, Xu Yu-juan, Wu Ji-jun, Qu li-min
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 141-145. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.038
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    The reason and mechanism of food biological putrefaction,the groups of foodborne pathogens and the research advance in novel mould proof technique were summarized.The application prospect of novel mould proof technique in food security and quality assurance were discussed.
  • Liu Ying, Zhang min, Wu Qian-qian, Pan Ren-rui, Cai Jing-min
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 146-151,155. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.039
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    Fucoidan,also called fucan,fucosan or sulfated fucan,refers to a type of polysaccharide which contains L-fucose and sulfate ester groups,and is mainly derived from brown seaweed.It has been widely used in medical and food industry for its various biological activities such as anticoagulant,antitumor,antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity.We summarized the research progress on the preparation of fucoidan and low weight molecular fucoidan.The structure,bioactivity and toxicity of fucoidan were also discussed.
  • Li Bo, Ma Yu, Xiao Ming
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 152-155. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.040
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    This paper overviewed the current development of the Nisin industry and its market in the world.And nation's problems and prospects of this industry were also discussed.
  • Wang Wei, Han Jian-xun, Wu Ya-jun, Yuan Fei, Chen Ying, Ge Yi-qiang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 156-160. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.041
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    Eight pairs of primers were selected according to the sequence of Sin a I gene from mustard,ITS(18S~26S) gene from lupine,Jug r 2 gene from walnut,Oleosin gene from hazelnut,Mtd gene from celery,Pru du 1 gene from almond,Avenin gene from oat and 2S albumin mRNA gene from sesame.Two tetraplex PCR assays for simultaneously detection of celery,almond,oat,sesame,mustard,lupine,walnut and hazelnut were established on the basis of conventional PCR.It could be demonstrated to be a highly sensitive,specific method,which can be applied for rapid detection and monitoring of many kinds of food allergens.
  • Chen Zhen, Lu Chun-bin, Yang Meng-jie, Ma Jun, Bai Wei-bin, Wu Xi-yang
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 161-164. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.042
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    To establish Seven-plex PCR detection system for detecting transgenic components in genetically modified Maize,endogenous gene IVR,exogenous herbicide gene BAR and PAT,exogenous insect resistant gene Cry1Ab,screening gene NPTII,CaMV35S promoter and Nos terminator were chosen for the targeted fragment.7 pairs of primers are designed and the PCR conditions for the multiplex PCR analysis were optimized according to the primer concentration and annealing temperature.The results show that Seven-Plex PCR system can detect endogenous gene and transgenic components with high efficiency and good stability.
  • Zhou Jian-ke, Xu Peng, Yang Dong-xia
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 165-167. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.043
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    A method based on microextraction flask-high performance liquid chromatography was used for determination of carbamate insecticides in apple vinegar.Carbamate insecticides were separated on C18 column(5μm,250 × 4.6mm i.d.) using methanol∶ acetonitrile∶ water=40∶ 17∶ 43 as mobile phase and determined by UV detector at 210 nm.The flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 mL/min.Isooctane was used as extractant.In this paper the regression equations of carbaryl,pirimicarb,ioprocarb and fenobucarb were determined in the samples with good linearity in the range of 16~1000 ng/mL,the correlation coefficients was more than 0.9968.The average recoveries were 86.33%,101.22%,100.17% and 112.32% respectively.The relative standard deviations were less than 5.26%.
  • Zhang Zhen-jia, Xi Xing-jun, Zhao Xian-en, Geng Yanling, Wang Xiao, Li Wei
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 168-171. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.009
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    Using ultrasonic extraction,O-nornuciferin,N-nornuciferin,nuciferine and roemerine in Nelumbo nucifera leaves were extracted and determined by the established HPLC method.This work provided a new method for quality control of Nelumbo nucifera leaves and its products.Four alkaloids were separated on a reversed-phase Welch Materials C18 column with a gradient elution using acetonitrile-1% triethylamine solution as mobile phase.Linear regression of O-nornuciferin,N-nornuciferin,nuciferine and roemerin in the concentration range of 0.1~50 μg/mL(R>0.999) was satisfied and the detection limit were 1.87 ng,2.22ng,2.34ng and1.88 ng(S/N=3∶ 1),respectively.The method was very precious with good recovery.It can be used for determination of alkaloids from Nelumbo nucifera leaves.
  • Fang Ling-ling, Xiao Zuo-bing, Niu Yun-wei, Yu Hai-yan
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 172-176. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.044
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    A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of gallic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid,chlorogenic acid,vanillic acid,and caffeic acid in cherry wines by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The analytes were separated using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column(100×2.1mm,1.7μm) utilizing a gradient elution profile and a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid and methanol.The analytes were detected using an electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with negative ion mode.The five analytes were identified by retention time and mass spectrometry and quantified by peak area.This method was validated by recovery,linearity,and limits of detection(LOD).The recoveries of 5 phenolic acid standards are found in the range of 82.3%~110.8%.The correlation coefficient r is higher than 0.99.The relative standard deviations(RSD) are less than 2.0% and the LOD is between 0.020 mg/L and 0.050 mg/L.The method is convenient,rapid,accurate and sensitive,and could be used for the content determination of phenolic acid compounds in cherry wines.In addition,we estimate correlation between the physiochemical indexes and phenolic acids of cherry wines by SPSS 17.0 program.
  • Yang Wei, Xian Shu, Wang Xi, Li Da-xiang, Wan Xiao-chun
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 177-180. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.045
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    In this paper,HPLC eluting with trifluoroacetic acid(TFA) solution for theanine determination in white tea was compared to the national standard HPLC method(GB/T 23193-2008) with the pre-column derivation by o-phthaldialdehyde(OPA).The reference was Waters AccQ-Tag Kit.The results showed that theanine contents detected by HPLC method with TFA elution are more close to Waters AccQ-Tag kit,while GB/T 23293-2008 method had significant differences in a significant level of 5% compared to Waters AccQ-Tag kit.Furthermore,the derivative reaction time of GB/T 23193-2008 was investigated.It is found that the derivative products were stable in 15~20 minutes after OPA derivation and had a maximum response signal at 338nm.
  • Chen Yue-jiao, Du Bing, Chen Jin-ming, Xia Yu, Li Yan-jie, Yang Gong-ming
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 181-183. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.046
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    In this paper,the Shuixian Oolong tea was processed by extruding technique.The aroma and taste components in the Shuixian Oolong tea before and after extruding processing were analyzed.The results were summarized as follows: compared with the original tea,the contents of taste components such as the water soluble substance,ash and tea polyphenol in extruded tea were reduced,while the content of carbohydrate increased.The flavor of tea was affected by the changes of the components.The decrease of caffeine and tea polyphenol reduced a little of bitter and astringent taste in the extruded tea.While the increase of carbohydrates gave the extruded tea taste mellower.After extruding,the aroma feature had some changes.The characteristic ingredients of Oolong tea such as indole,benzylcyanide were reduced.And nerolidol was undetected.The pyrolysates such as pyrazines,pyrroles increased significantly because of the heat.This brought a coffee flavor to the extruded tea.Extruding processing provided a new way for the use of Shuixian Oolong tea.
  • Cai Liu-yan, Gong Xue, Zang Jin-hai, Liang Cun-shi, Kou Li-juan, Ma Ji-jun, Wei Shu-long, Wang Hong-yan, Yin Hua-xian, Shen Jin-yu
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 184-187. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.047
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    A method of detecting Basic Orange 2 in bean curd shin was established.Sample was extracted with ethanol.The extracts were depurated by Strata X-C column and analysed by Using Kromasil 100-5C18 Column,isocratic mobile phase including 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate and methanol.The amounts were quantified by liquid chromatography with PDA detector.The linear range was 0~5μg/mL and the relative standard deviation(RSD) was below 5%.Recoveries were greater than 80% and the limit of quantitation was 0.01mg/kg.The positive sample will be further confirmed by LC/MS/MS.
  • Lu Zhen-ming, Xu Hong-yu, Shi Jing-song, Xu Zheng-hong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 188-192. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.016
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    Based on desorption effect on total triterpenoids in culture broth of Antrodia camphorata,the adsorption capability and desorption parameters of macroporous resin were studied.The best macroporous resin,XAD-16,has good regeneration ability and the adsorption process is in accordance with Langmuir equation.The optimal separation conditions were as follows: culture broth with pH of 6.0,flow rate of 2 mL/min,100% Ethanol as desorption solution.After separation by macroporous resin,total triterpenoids sample with the purity of 260.54 mg/g was obtained from culture broth of Antrodia camphorata.
  • Liao Chun-yan, Yang Yuan-ping
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 193-195,200. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.017
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    The article studied the optimal conditions of removing protein from polysaccharide of Plantago asiatica L.with AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin.The purification conditions were optimized by dynamic adsorption and desorption.The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows:the concentration of solution was 40 mg/mL with pH of 7.0,the sample loading flow rate was 0.5 mL/min.The elution solvent was 2.5BV distilled water at flow rate of 2mL/min.AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin had the best effect,the protein removing rate was 84.83% and polysaccharide retained rate was 88.32%.
  • Cao Chun-yan, Zhao Yong-hua
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 196-200. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.048
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    The degreased rice bran was used as the raw materials,calcium phytate was produced by acid and alkaline neutralization(precipitation).The effects of acid kinds,the ratio of rice bran to extractant,extraction concentration,temperature,time,pH in neutralization reaction with base were investigated on the yield of calcium phytate by single factors experiments.The extraction was optimized by orthogonal experiments.The results showed that the influential factors order is: extraction temperature > pH in the process of alkaline neutralization > the ratio of rice bran to extractant > extraction time.By using 3% hydrochloric acid as the extracting agent,the best conditions of extraction phytin were as follows: the ratio of rice bran to extractant 1∶ 9,extraction temperature 35 ℃,extraction time 3 h,and pH in the process of alkaline neutralization 7.5.Under these conditions,the yield of calcium phytate was 1.5%.
  • Zhang Yan -, Xu Qian, Wang Ting-ting -, Hu Xiao-song -, Liao Xiao-jun -
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 201-205. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.010
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    In this investigation,the qualities of anthocyanins extracts from red raspberry were compared among four kinds of extracting technologies,including solvent,microwave,ultrasonic and pulsed electric field(PEF) assisted extraction.The results indicated that the extraction technologies had significant effects on the qualities of the anthocyanins extracts(P<0.05).For the anthocyanins extracts by PEF assisted extraction,it showed the highest contents of the total mono-anthocyanins [2.504 mg/(100 mL)) ]and polyphenols(equal to 98.533 mg pyrogallic acid mL),the least scavenging ability of ·DPPH(equal to 442.51μg vitamin C/mL),the lowest browning index value,and a more closely to red color.However,the strongest scavenging ability of·DPPH and ferric reduce capacity was observed in the extracts assisted by solvent extraction and microwave,respectively.These results indicated that anthocyanins extracts assistant extracted by PEF was the best.The results of the investigation could be used as a reference to the production of high quality anthocyanin extracts.
  • Wang Xin, Zhou Chun-mei, Liu Bao-lin, Lei Lei, Tang Hui-ming, Sun Yan-min
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 206-211. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.049
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    After the analysis of the effects of different packaging films on the changes of gas content,three groups of initial O2 and CO2 ratio were chosen for the preservation of white Hypsizygus marmoreus,and the effects of these groups on several quality indexes of white Hypsizygus marmoreus were studied.The air package was used as control.The results indicated that the white Hypsizygus marmoreus was sensitive to CO2,higher content of CO2 would speed the browning degree.When the initial O2 and CO2 ratio was O2 0.4%+CO2 13.0%+N2 86.6%,the sensory index and rigidity could be well maintained;the respiration rate and the activity of PPO could be significantly depressed;the gas composition of low O2 and high CO2 could be achieved.The losses of total soluble sugar reduced and the shelf-life was prolonged to more than 7d.This indicated that MAP is a better storage method.
  • Liu Hong-jin, Hu Hua-li, Li Peng-xia
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 212-215. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.011
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    Using sodium nitroprusside(SNP) as a nitric oxide(NO) donor,the effects of different concentrations of nitric oxide treatment(0.01,0.05,0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6mmol/L SNP) on the preservation of shelf life of green asparagus(Grand) were studied.The results showed that the treatment with 0.2mmol/L SNP was the best.It could inhibit the decrease of total sugar,titratable acid and chlorophyll content,and increase the ability to scavenge oxygen radicals.Treatment with 0.4mmol/L SNP could inhibit the decrease of titratable acid,vitamin C and chlorophyll content of green asparagus,but decreased scavenging ability of oxygen radicals.Treatment with 0.6mmol/L SNP reduced the content of total sugar,and vitamin C of green asparagus.But the effect of chlorophyll content and oxygen radical-scavenging ability were not significant in comparison with CK.Therefore,It was considered NO released from 0.2 mmol/L SNP aqueous solution could increase the shelf life of green asparagus.
  • Hu Xiao-liang, Zhou Guo-yan, Wang Chun-xia, Zhan BoInstitute of Cryomedicine and Food Refrigeration, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 0009, China)
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 216-219. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.012
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    The effects of chitosan,alginate and lysozyme on preservation and fresh-keeping of Biqi bayberry were compared by their sensory quality,weight loss,hardness,respiration rate,Vc content,soluble solids content and SOD activity during the storage.The results showed that: chitosan coating had the best effect.After 20 days of storage at 4 ℃,the weight loss rate was 8.87%,Vc content was 7.1mg/100g,soluble solids content was up to 8.3%,respiration was significantly lower than other groups.
  • Li Hong-zhen, Cheng Qing-ming, Wang Qing-guo
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 220-224. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.013
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    This paper studies the influence of 1-MCP on specks of ripen bananas.The results showed that: 0.5 and 1.0 μL/L 1-MCP treatment can obviously retard the occurrence of the specks and extend the shelf life even for those are speeded ripening for wholesale(3/4 peel yellow or fully)or retail(peels turns yellow).Moreover,1-MCP treatments delayed the peel green color changes as well as the starch decomposition;it also prevented browning and watering of the fruits during the storage.This research was useful on reducing the postharvest losses and relatively increasing the commercial value of bananas.Two different doses of 1-MCP treatment did not show significant difference.
  • Pang Ling-yun, Zhu Mei-yun, Li Yu, Song Si-cong
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 225-228. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.050
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    Fresh-cut Dioscorea opposita Thunb.cv.Tiegun were coated with edible film composed of chitosan and sodium alginate.Every two days the weight loss rate,Vc content,titratable acid content,browning,soluble solid content,PPO activity were measured to study the preservation effect.The untreated group and chitosan single coating film group were compared.The results showed that the 1.2% chitosan single coating film and 1.2%-chitosan-0.2%-sodium-alginate composite film could effectively reduce the browning,weight loss rate and nutrient loss.The best preservation effects were achieved by compound coating film.
  • Wang Jian-ming, Jia Lei, Sun Min
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 229-233. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.051
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    The sequential experimental design was used to optimize the fermentation conditions of kefir from milk and soymilk.Fractional factorial design was employed to evaluate the six factors,viz.the ratio of milk and soymilk,inoculum of saccharomyces cerevisiae,inoculum of lactic acid bacteria,the addition of sucrose,fermentation temperature and time.It was found that the addition of sucrose and fermentation time were the significant factors for fermentation.Then the steepest ascent design was conducted to approach the greatest response area and the optimum combinations of significant factors were confirmed via Central Composite Design(CCD).The results indicated that the optimal conditions were the ratio of milk and soymilk was 7∶ 3,the inoculum of the LAB and yeast were 1.00×107 CFU/mL and 1.00×105 CFU/mL respectively,the addition of sucrose was 1.6%,the fermentation temperature was 22℃ and the time was 22h.
  • Pi Yu-zhen, Liu Yan-ni, Yue Xi-qing, Yin Yi
    Food and Fermentation Industries. 2011, 37(06): 234-237. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2011.06.052
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    Corn germ protein is a kind of high-quality protein,high nutritional value,the fresh cheese make with corn germ protein replacing part of milk,having good texture and flavor.This study investigated the addition of corn germ protein,fermentation agent dosage,CaCl2 adds amounts and ferment rennet addition of fresh cheese yield was influenced.By the response surface method to determine the optimum parameters for corn germ protein liquid additives for 4%,fermentation agent additives for 0.06 %,CaCl2 for 0.04%,ferment rennet additives in 0.04%.Fresh cheese produced high yield,fine texture,and fresh acidity.